Canine model of ischemic stroke with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: clinical and histopathological findings

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and histopathological findings in a canine model of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in four healthy beagle dogs using silicone plugs. They showed neurological signs of forebrain dysfunction such as reduced responsiveness, head turning, circling, postural reaction deficits, perceptual deficits, and hemianopsia. These signs gradually regressed within 4 weeks without therapy. On magnetic resonance imaging, T2 hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity were found in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. These lesions were well-defined and sharply demarcated from adjacent brain parenchyma with a homogenous appearance. No abnormalities of the cerebrospinal fluid were observed. At necropsy, atrophic and necrotic lesions were observed in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus were partially unstained with triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride. Histopathologically, typical features of infarction were identified in cortical and thalamic lesions. This study demonstrates that our canine model resembles the conditions of real stroke patients.     

铜川市耀州区农户肉羊农牧生态系统能量流动规律的研究

运用生态学的系统分析方法,以铜川市耀州区金圣生态养羊示范基地农户肉羊农牧生态系统为研究对象,对系统的能量流动规律、种植业与养殖业的生态效率进行分析.分析表明三种规模养殖农户种植亚系统能量产投比与结构调整前相比分别提高了39.40%、39.50%和30.40%,向养殖亚系统输入的总能量占养殖亚系统需能总量的96.61%,88.45%和80.55%;养殖亚系统的能量转化效率分别达到7.35%、8.00%和8.39%,输入到种植亚系统的粪尿能水平分别是调整前粪尿能输入水平(37.64×103 MJ/hm2)的1.57倍、1.84倍和2.07倍.整个系统的经济投入与产出比分别达到1.73、1.83和1.98,三种规模农户的纯收益比调整前分别增加1132.5元、2392.8元和3913.5元.表明农户肉羊生产系统是一个高投入、高产出的农牧生态系统,有较好的生态效益和经济效益.     

Comparison of two types of CIDR-based timed artificial insemination protocols for repeat breeder dairy cows

This study compared two types of controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for treatment of repeat breeder dairy cows. In the first trial of the experiment, 55 repeat breeder cows were randomly assigned to the following two treatments. (1) In the EB group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) plus 50 mg progesterone (P4; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF(2alpha) and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 1 mg EB on Day 8 and were subjected to TAI 30 h later (n=27). (2) In the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 250 microg gonadorelin (GnRH; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF(2alpha) and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 250 microg GnRH on Day 9 and were subjected to TAI 17 h later (n=28). In the second trial, 41 repeat breeder cows that were confirmed as not pregnant in the first trial were randomly assigned to the same two treatments used in the first trial (an EB group of 20 cows and a GnRH group of 21 cows). The ovaries of 15 cows from each group were examined by transrectal ultrasonography in order to observe the changes in ovarian structures, and blood samples were collected for analysis of serum P4 concentrations. The pregnancy rates following TAI in the first (18.5 vs. 32.1%) and second (40.0 vs. 38.1%) trials and the combined rates (27.7 vs. 34.7%) did not differ between the EB and GnRH groups. The proportions of cows with follicular wave emergence within 7 days did not differ between the EB (12/15) and GnRH groups (13/15). The interval to wave emergence was shorter (P<0.01) in the GnRH group than in the EB group, but there was no difference in the mean diameters of dominant follicles on Day 7 between the groups. Moreover, the proportions of cows with synchronized ovulation following a second EB or GnRH treatment did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, treatment with either EB or GnRH in a CIDR-based TAI protocol results in synchronous follicular wave emergence, follicular development, synchronous ovulation, and similar pregnancy rates for TAI in repeat breeder cows.     

兰州银滩黄河湿地4种植物的光合特性

本研究以兰州银滩黄河湿地自然生长的千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、芦苇(Phragnites awstralis)、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)为研究对象,对4种典型植物生长季不同阶段的光合特性及其与环境因子间的关系进行比较分析,探讨了4种植物对湿地的适应特性和机制。结果表明,1)5月11日千屈菜、芦苇的净光合速率(P_n)呈不明显的双峰曲线,藨草和菖蒲的Pn变化较为平稳,日均P_n表现为芦苇千屈菜菖蒲藨草;8月19日,千屈菜、芦苇、藨草的Pn呈双峰曲线,光合"午休"现象明显,菖蒲为单峰曲线,日均Pn表现为芦苇菖蒲千屈菜藨草。2)5月11日,光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、大气CO_2浓度(C_a)、相对湿度(RH)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、水分利用效率(WUE)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01,P0.001)的正相关关系;8月19日,PAR、C_a、T_r、G_s、WUE、土壤湿度(SM)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著或极显著的正相关关系;3)5月11日,PAR、C_a、T_a、RH对4种植物的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子;8月19日,PAR、T_r对千屈菜、藨草的Pn影响最大,PAR、WUE对芦苇、菖蒲的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子。尽管各因子对4种植物的光合速率均有不同影响,但PAR是对植物光合生理特性产生影响的根本原因。     

ARF基因干扰表达对不同发育阶段和贮藏条件马铃薯酶活性的影响

以前期研究获得的马铃薯栽培品种“甘农薯2号”ADP核糖基化因子(ARF)基因干扰表达转化植株为材料,用qRT-PCR法对转基因植株的ARF基因表达量进行了测定,结果表明,不同发育阶段转基因叶片中ARF基因的相对表达量先降低,生长后期略有增加,表明ARF基因干扰表达量随马铃薯生长发育发生改变。ARF基因干扰表达影响马铃薯叶片中酶活性,不同发育阶段转基因叶片与对照相比,多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性升高11.61%~27.84%,硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase, NR)活性提高21.10%~41.32%,磷脂酶D(phospholipase D, PLD)活性降低2.88%~57.64%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(sucrose phosphate synthase, SPS)活性提高29.00%~39.57%;不同温度(4℃和室温)贮藏的块茎中ARF基因的相对表达量变化趋势一致:均先降低,再升高,但前者较后者ARF基因相对表达量显著降低。室温较4℃贮藏的转基因块茎PPO活性升高30.44%~56.28%,NR活性提高17.41%~40.92%,PLD活性降低24.39%~85.11%,SPS活性提高30.89%~45.78%。室温较4℃贮藏的非转基因块茎PPO活性升高25.11%~70.66%,NR活性提高36.07%~89.62%,PLD活性降低11.35%~72.64%,SPS活性提高27.31%~61.33%。本研究通过探讨ARF基因干扰表达对马铃薯生理生化特性的影响,为进一步研究ARF基因在马铃薯生长发育调控中的作用提供一定的理论基础。     

Risk analysis of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Korea

The occurrence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, so called mad cow diseases) that was first identified in England in 1986 was considered as being limited to only European countries, including England. However, the outbreak in Asia as well as North America since 2001 has amplified the fear that there isn't any nation in the world that is a safe area. In order to assess the risk of BSE outbreak in each country, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and EU have respectively established criteria, where OIE has set 5 levels and EU has set 4 levels. The Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) of the European Commission conducted a Geographical BSE Risk(GBR) assessment for 64 nations, such as the United States, etc., as of April 29, 2003. However, as of July 1, 2005, the duty of GBR assessment is expected to be transferred to a newly established body called EFSA (European Food Safety Authority, located in Parma, Italy). As Korea has not undergone a GBR assessment up to now, this study analyzed the risk of BSE outbreak in Korea by reviewing BSE prevention measures, etc., that have been put in place. This study shall be a barometer for estimating the GBR assessment level of Korea.     

4味中药及其与抗菌药的复方制剂的MIC测定

用改进的试管两倍稀释法测定了黄连、鱼腥草、大青叶和苦参4味中药及其相互配伍（1：1）对标准大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和4味中药与抗菌药配伍（1000：1）对临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明，4味中药及其相互配伍对大肠杆菌标准株有一定的抑制作用，其MIC值介于3．91—62．50mg／mL之间，其中大青叶和鱼腥草以1：l配伍对大肠杆菌抑菌效果最好，MIC为3．91mg／mL；对临床分离株，单方药中黄连抑菌效果最好，MIC为31．25mg／mL，24种复方药中，黄连和盐酸多西环素或加替沙星以1000：1配伍的抑菌效果最好，其MIC为3．91mg／mL。     

Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early,middle and late gestation periods

Background

Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.

Methods

Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.

Results

Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.

Conclusions

These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.     

鸡血藤总黄酮对大肠杆菌败血症的治疗作用

为研究鸡血藤总黄酮对小鼠大肠杆菌败血症的治疗作用,本研究采用腹腔注射大肠杆菌菌液的方法建立小鼠大肠杆菌败血症模型,1 h后灌胃给予不同剂量鸡血藤总黄酮,12 h后观察小鼠临床表现并进行评分,然后剖杀小鼠,比较肝脏、胸腺和脾脏的外观、脏器指数和肝脏病理切片结果,检测各项血液常规指标,分析血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,测定血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等炎性细胞因子的水平。结果发现,腹腔注射大肠杆菌后引起小鼠被毛粗乱、精神沉郁、眼睛红肿、眼部分泌物增加且呼吸急促等症状,部分严重的小鼠出现抽搐、休克现象,肝脏、胸腺、脾脏出现萎缩、变小的现象,且脏器指数下降。肝脏病理切片可观察到肝索紊乱、肝窦增大、细胞边缘不清晰、部分区域炎性细胞浸润。血液中白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞(RBC)和血小板(PLT)等指标水平发生显著改变(P<0.05),且血清中ALT、AST、LDH及炎性细胞因子等水平显著升高(P<0.05)。而鸡血藤总黄酮和阿米卡星处理可改善上述临床表现,抑制相关指标的改变,使其趋于与对照组相似水平。以上结果表明,鸡血藤总黄酮可通过提高机体免疫水平及抑制炎性反应减轻大肠杆菌败血症引起的机体损伤。     

应用营养调控技术保护奶牛养殖环境的措施

随着奶牛集约化程度的提高,奶牛粪便中氮、磷的排放也逐渐增加,减少奶牛粪便氮、磷排放已成为奶牛生产研究的热点问题。文章从奶牛营养调控技术阐述了降低奶牛粪便中氮、磷排放的调控措施,为减少奶牛氮、磷的排放,保护养殖环境提供可行方法。