On-farm feeding interventions to increase milk production in lactating dairy cows

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tropical legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) mixed with ruzi grass feeding on the performance of...     

大麦籽粒β-淀粉酶活性的棱型效应和灌浆期间的动态研究

测定了不同棱型的188个大麦品种的籽粒β-淀粉酶活性和蛋白质含量,分析比较不同棱型间β-淀粉酶活性的差异,并观察了籽粒灌浆期间β-淀粉酶活性的动态.结果表明,同一棱型的品种间籽粒β-淀粉酶活性均存在较大变异,六棱大麦变异系数最大.多数大麦品种的β-淀粉酶活性变动在500～1500U/g之间,二棱大麦的平均值明显高于四棱和六棱大麦.β-淀粉酶活性与籽粒蛋白质含量之间,二棱大麦品种存在极显著的正相关,而四棱和六棱大麦品种的相关不显著.筛选到8个β-淀粉酶活性高于1500 U/g且籽粒蛋白质含量低于11.5%的二棱型大麦品种.β-淀粉酶活性在籽粒灌浆前期和后期增加幅度明显高于中期,最高值出现在成熟期,与单位籽粒蛋白质积累量呈显著正相关.     

鸡β-防御素及其应用前景

防御素是生物界广泛存在的一类具微生物抗性的低分子肽，由于其抗菌谱最广，具有很高的应用潜力。本文概述了鸡β-防御素的分子结构、抗菌活性、基因表达调控的研究进展，并展望了其在畜牧业中的应用前景。     

水产养殖动物摄食节律与投喂模式的研究进展

投喂模式是集约化养殖管理的核心之一,是由投饲量(或投饲率)、投饲频率、投饲方式等环节构成的有机整体,使其最优化是获取最佳生长速度、减少饲料浪费、降低养殖自污染的有效途径。动物内在摄食节律则是建立科学投喂模式的生物学基础。投饲量和投饲频率与养殖动物的生长和饲料利用密切相关。文章针对国内外关于水产养殖动物摄食节律、投饲量、投饲频率和投饲方式等的最新进展进行综述,期望能对投喂模式的科学研究和生产实践有所帮助。     

湖南省某生猪批发市场疫病传播风险评估

为评估湖南省某生猪批发市场猪群疫病的发生风险,找出可能的风险因素,便于提出针对性预防措施,采用自行设计的调查问卷,结合访谈和现场调查,对27户经营户进行了调查,并将调查结果和调运数据相结合进行了疫病传播风险定性评估。结果显示:该市场疫病传入的可能性"高",内部传播的可能性"中等",疫病传出的可能性"高"。生猪调运频次多、数量大,经纪人行为复杂,运输车辆清洗消毒不彻底是可能的风险因素。评估结果提示,应尽量减少经纪人行为影响,重点加强对运输车辆的清洗消毒。     

禽源大肠埃希菌Biolog鉴定和系统发育分析

采用Biolog和16S rRNA基因序列分析法对中国兽医药品监察所菌种室收集保藏的18株大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)进行了鉴定.菌株经纯化培养,用Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行了鉴定,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.提取基因组DNA,采用16S rRNA通用引物,用PCR进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增,扩增产物纯化后进行测序.序列经人工校对后用Clustal X 1.83软件进行比对分析,采用Mega 3.1软件构建系统发育树,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.     

新城疫病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为满足新城疫病毒高通量快速检测的需要,针对新城疫病毒M基因序列,通过基因比对分析保守区域,经同源性分析后,设计合成多条引物和探针并对其筛选,建立了一种能够快速检测新城疫病毒的实时荧光RTPCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏性进行了评估。结果显示,该方法检测耗时短、特异性好,检测下限达10~(-4) ng/μL。利用该方法,对480份临床采集的各类家禽咽拭子样品进行检测,共检测出25份阳性,与常规RT-PCR检测方法结果一致,κ值为1(P 0.001)。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,可用于新城疫病毒的快速检测。     

芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。将100只昆明种小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组、免疫抑制组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组20只（雌雄各半）,采用灌胃法给药。试验期28 d,试验1~7 d,对照组小鼠灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水,其余各组小鼠均灌胃0.6 mL 40 μg/g体重环磷酰胺（CTX）;试验8~21 d,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠分别灌胃0.6 mL 50、150、250 μg/g体重芒柄花素溶液,空白对照组与免疫抑制组灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水。试验结束后,测定小鼠脏器指数（胸腺、脾脏）、血清溶血素及IL-2、IL-4含量。采用免疫组化法检测小鼠胸腺、脾脏CD3和CD20阳性淋巴细胞,肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞。结果表明,环磷酰胺可成功复制小鼠免疫抑制模型。不同剂量芒柄花素均能提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、血清溶血素及血清IL-2和IL-4含量,尤其当芒柄花素灌胃剂量为150 μg/g体重时效果最为明显,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。免疫组化分析结果显示,不同剂量芒柄花素均可提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏CD3阳性T淋巴细胞及CD20阳性B淋巴细胞数量,并促使肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞增殖,也以试验Ⅱ组效果最显著,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上,芒柄花素可促进小鼠相关淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子的释放,进而增强机体体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,并可明显促进肝脏固有吞噬细胞KCs增殖。     

Therapeutic trial of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for dilated cardiomyopathy in three dogs

Three dogs were presented to us for evaluation of cardiac problems. Electrocardiographic recordings revealed severe tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation with ventricular tachycardia in 2 of the 3 dogs. The echocardiographic findings of the 3 dogs revealed markedly decreased fractional shortening and a marked increase in E-point septal separation. Based on the results of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation, the 3 dogs were diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The dogs were treated with conventional cardiac medication, but cardiac function did not improve and the clinical signs remained. We subsequently attempted treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; 10 microg/kg, subcutaneously). The specific purpose of G-CSF therapy for DCM was to improve cardiac function and a significant improvement in cardiac function was confirmed. The three dogs had no treatment side effects. This case report suggests that G-CSF might have therapeutic effects for medically refractory DCM in dogs.     

Cutaneous lymphoma in a juvenile dog

Abstract: An 18-month-old male Doberman Pinscher was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine for an erythemic nodular mass on the right forelimb. The mass was diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma, based on cytologic examination of a mass aspirate and histopathology. Using immunohistochemistry the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 but negative for CD79a, E-cadherin, and pancytokeratin, confirming their origin as T lymphocytes. No tumor recurrence was noted 18 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a solitary nodular form of cutaneous lymphoma in a young dog.