褪黑素对秦艽原生质体抗UV-B环境胁迫的作用

为探讨褪黑素对UV-B辐射后的秦艽原生质体的影响,本研究采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测秦艽原生质体DNA损伤程度,选取尾部DNA含量(TailDNA％)作为DNA损伤程度的分析指标.MEL以0、1、10 μmol·L-1的终浓度加入原生质体悬液中,UV-B辐射处理的辐照度为0,5 W·m-2.试验分2组:1)原生质体分别用UV-B辐射处理不同的时间(0、5、10、30、60、120 s),暗培养60 min后电泳.2)原生质体被UV-B照射40 s后,分别暗培养不同时间(0、1、2、3、4、6h),再电泳.结果显示在5～30 s的时间内,辐射时间越长,Tail DNA％越高,相同的辐射时间下,MEL浓度越高,TailDNA％越低;在1～6 h培养时间内,MEL处理的样品,TailDNA％值均低于阳性对照组,并且TailDNA％值的大小与所处理的MEL的浓度呈反比关系.由此可见褪黑素降低了UV-B辐射诱导的植物原生质体DNA损伤程度,促进DNA损伤的修复.本试验应用SCGE技术,进一步揭示了MEL在植物抗环境胁迫中所起到的促进作用.     

新常态下完善新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的思考

新常态下国内棉花产业面临诸多机遇和挑战,特别是2014年以来,国家连续两年在新疆实施棉花目标价格补贴政策,为完善我国农产品市场调控政策体系积累了宝贵的经验。梳理近年来国内棉花产业面临的新常态,分析了目标价格政策的作用机制,总结政策实施效果和问题,并为完善操作办法和措施提出建议。     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中的重要病害,是影响马铃薯产量和品质的重要因素之一,在云南春作马铃薯上普遍发生,且危害较重,给当地马铃薯产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,试验研究了11种药剂7种药剂组合(包衣剂+保护剂+治疗剂)通过播种期种薯包衣,现蕾期叶面喷施一次保护剂,发病初期和发病中期叶面各喷一次治疗剂的方法防治马铃薯晚疫病。结果表明,药剂组合种薯包衣+甲霜·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威的防治效果最好,防治效果达到60.99%,增产率176.28%,增效率152.27%;其次是种薯包衣+霜脲·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威组合,防治效果达到60.15%,增产率173.20%,增效率150.55%。这2个药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病均有极显著的防治效果,增产增效明显。     

海南兰科植物新记录

本文报道了海南兰科植物3新记录种,分别是全唇叉柱兰[Cheirostylis takeoi (Hayata) Schltr]、兰屿芋兰（Nervilia lanyuensis S. S. Ying）和台湾隐柱兰（Cryptostylis taiwaniana Masam）。凭证标本存于上海辰山植物园标本馆（CSH）。     

温差发电装置在单缸柴油机上的应用

对温差发电装置中的主要器件热电转换模块进行了热电耦合模拟并在单缸机上进行实验验证,温差的大小是决定发电效率的直接因素之一。对热电模块在温差发电装置上的安装以及装置在单缸机排气管上的安装做系统分析。设计恒压电路,使温差装置所回收的电能有效的充入蓄电池。当电路中的电流达到1A时,24块热电模块能回收132W的能量,相当于额定功率的1%。     

Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses

The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split-plot design run as a crossover in two periods. The whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for the amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, and all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05), whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total VFA concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared with cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared with the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared with cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.     

Characteristics of 18F-FDG and 18F-FDOPA PET in an 8-year-old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier dog with glioma: long-term chemotherapy using hydroxyurea plus imatinib with prednisolone and immunoreactivity for PDGFR-β and LAT1

An 8-year-old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier dog presented with head pressing, vestibular ataxia, neck tenderness, and no oculocephalic reflex. A demarcated lesion in the pons was identified on MRI. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with a glioma and was treated with hydroxyurea plus imatinib and prednisolone. After 30 days of therapeutic treatment, the patient showed a clear improvement in neurological signs, which lasted for 1117 days. On day 569 after the initiation of treatment, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) was performed with no significant findings on visual analysis. The average and maximal standardized uptake values (SUVs) were 1.92 and 2.29, respectively. The tumor-to-normal-tissue (T/N) ratio was 0.97. The first evidence of clinical deterioration was noticed on day 1147. On day 1155, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-l-phenylalanine (¹⁸F-FDOPA)-PET was performed. High uptake of ¹⁸F-FDOPA was observed in the intracranial lesion. The mean and maximal SUVs of the tumor were 1.59 and 2.29, respectively. The T/N ratio was 2.22. The patient was euthanized on day 1155 and histopathologic evaluations confirmed glioma (astrocytoma). This case shows that chemotherapy with hydroxyurea plus imatinib may be considered in the treatment of canine glioma. Furthermore, this is the first case describing the application of ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-FDOPA in a dog with glioma.     

骆驼乳清蛋白对热应激所致大鼠肝氧化损伤的保护作用

本试验旨在研究骆驼乳清蛋白（CWP）对热应激（HS）大鼠肝损伤、氧化应激及肝功能的保护作用。选取6周龄SD大鼠36只,适应性饲养2周后随机分为6组：正常对照组饲喂基础日粮;CWP对照组添加400 mg·kg^-1的CWP;HS组除饲喂基础日粮外,每天进行2 h HS处理,连续8 d;3个CWP干预组分别于每次HS前灌服100、200和400 mg·kg^-1的CWP。试验结束后,取大鼠肝组织,HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化,同时检测肝功能生物标志物、氧化应激标志物水平及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：CWP降低了HS大鼠血清谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性,400 mg·kg^-1的CWP干预效果最好（P<0.01）;400 mg·kg^-1CWP干预组有效降低了HS诱导的大鼠肝组织病理学改变; CWP降低了大鼠肝活性氧（ROS）及丙二醛（MDA）水平,增加了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,400 mg·kg^-1的CWP干预效果最好（P<0.01）。结果提示,CWP干预能够以剂量依赖性方式降低大鼠肝氧化应激,增加抗氧化系统防御能力,从而缓解HS所致大鼠肝损伤。