罗非鱼消化道5-HT内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

用链霉亲和素-生物素化过氧化物酶复合物(Strept Avidin Biotion -peroxidase Complex SABC )免疫细胞化学方法,对罗非鱼消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位.结果表明:5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各段都有分布,其中胃体部密度最大,其次是幽门和喷门处,后肠的密度最小.本文主要讨论了5-HT内分泌细胞在罗非鱼消化道免疫细胞化学定位,可为鱼类的内分泌学提供主要依据.     

肠道损伤对草鱼胆固醇代谢通路基因表达的影响

[目的]有研究显示草鱼肠道健康与胆固醇代谢具有较为紧密的关系,本研究探讨草鱼肠道损伤对胆固醇合成代谢通路基因表达的影响.[方法]以池塘养殖条件下的草鱼为研究对象,在对肠道损伤进行外观形态、组织切片和血清指标评估的基础上,测定了草鱼血清中的甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)和总胆固醇(TC)含量,采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法,定量检测肠道和肝胰脏组织的胆固醇、胆汁酸生物合成酶和调节控制酶的基因表达水平的变化.[结果]肠道损伤的草鱼血清HDL、LDL、TC和TBA的含量显著下降(P<0.05),肝胰脏和肠道组织的胆固醇、胆汁酸合成酶相关基因表达水平极显著上调(P＜0.01),与此同时,负调控胆汁酸合成的法尼醇X受体FXR和调控胆固醇逆转运途经的血浆胆固醇酯转移蛋白CETP基因表达水平极显著下调(P＜0.01).[结论]草鱼肠道损伤后,胆固醇、胆汁酸的重吸收可能遭到破坏,刺激了肝胰脏和肠道的胆固醇、胆汁酸生物合成强度,从而维持胆固醇在机体内的代谢平衡.     

奉化市“十二五”期间年森林采伐限额的编制

根据编制原则及范围,采用2007年森林资源二类调查成果,利用国家林业局调查规划设计院开发的"森林合理年采伐量测算系统"和由浙江省森林资源监测中心开发的"浙江省十二五编限数据处理系统"组成的软件,测算出奉化市合理年采伐量为49413m3.为利于林业可持续发展,确定奉化市"十二五"期间年森林采伐限额建议指标为46980m3,其中主伐4440 m3,抚育采伐32970 m3,更新采伐5570 m3,其它采伐4000 m3.     

新农村建设筹资中的问题与对策

新农村建设是一项复杂的系统性工程,有无充足的资金支持决定了新农村建设的成败,该文分析了现有的主要筹资渠道的问题,提出了如何完善现有筹资渠道,广开源头,为新农村建设提供不竭的动力支持的建议。     

Fungicidal activity of compounds extracted from the pericarp of Areca catechu against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro and in mango fruit

Areca catechu L., a member of the Palmaceae family, is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Compounds obtained from the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the pericarp of A. catechu L. were assessed in vitro and in mango fruit for antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. In vitro studies also indicated that three triterpenes, namely fernenol (fern-9(11)-en-3α-ol), arundoin (fern-9(11)-en-3α-ol ME), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, and one fatty acid, lauric acid, could inhibit the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides with EC₅₀ values of 36.7, 47.5, 56.7 and 111.5 mg L^?1, respectively. Furthermore, fernenol, arundoin, and the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol highly inhibited spore germination and germtube elongation. Mango fruit studies suggested that fernenol, arundoin and the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were significantly more effective than benomyl for controlling postharvest anthracnose disease when used at 100 and 200 mg L^?1.     

关于随机小修费用模型的最优维修策略

采用变分方法考察了具有随机小费用的可修模型的维修策略问题，推导出了依赖年龄的最倨费用界维修策略所满足的微分方程及其边界条件。从而得到了费用界策略形式下的最优。对于包含预防性更换的可修模型也同样得到了费用界－预更换策略形式下的最优解。     

Structure and Expression In planta of Botrytis cinerea Ubiquitin Genes

To identify genes of the necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea that are expressed during infection of tomato leaves, a differential screening of a genomic library with radioactively labelled cDNA was performed. This resulted in the identification of a B. cinerea gene, denominated Bcubi4, which encodes a precursor protein consisting of four identical head-to-tail repeats of a 76aa ubiquitin unit. Subsequently a gene denominated Bcubi1CEP79, encoding a single ubiquitin unit joined to a Carboxyl Extension Protein of 79 amino acids, was isolated. The expression of the two ubiquitin genes was studied during pathogenesis of B. cinerea on tomato. Bcubi1CEP79, but not Bcubi4, mRNA was transiently induced at 16h after inoculation. The increased expression of the Bcubi1CEP79 gene at this stage of pathogenesis might be required for enhanced ribosomal biogenesis.     

The effects of potato pulp and feeding level of supplements on digestibility, in situ forage degradation and ruminal fermentation in beef steers

Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased.     

马铃薯金线虫和白线虫DNA特异扩增产物的克隆与鉴定

通过采用Fullaondo（1999）研究的特异引物检测方法,对来自英国和比利时的两个马铃薯金线虫（Globodera rostochiensis）种群和英国的一个马铃薯白线虫（G.pallida）种群的DNA进行扩增,其产物以大肠杆菌（Eschetichia coli）为受体菌,经过连接、转化和克隆纯化,筛选获得阳性克隆.经PCR鉴定和测序,英国和比利时的马铃薯金线虫种群的特异性谱带分别是357bp和350bp,而英国的马铃薯白线虫的谱带是782bp,与Fullaondo等人研究报道结果基本相符,从而鉴别出来自不同地理种群的马铃薯金线虫和白线虫.     

建构观下教师角色的定位

在建构主义理论的指导下,教师必须改变机械的和静态的数学教学观,向动态的、易谬(经验主义和似经验主义)的数学观念转化。要重新认识教师在教学过程中的主导作用,教师不再是简单的知识传授者,而应是数学建构活动的激励者、组织者、参与者和导向者。