2,4-Nonadienal and benzaldehyde bioantimutagens in Fushimi sweet pepper (Fushimi-togarashi)

Fushimi sweet pepper, "Fushimi-togarashi", is one of the "Kyo-yasai", traditional vegetables, in Kyoto, Japan. The chloroform fraction of Fushimi sweet pepper showed bioantimutagenicity on UV induced mutation in Escherichia coli B/r WP2. The bioantimutagen was purified with silica gel chromatography and identified as 2, 4-nonadienal (ID(50) = 20 microg/plate) on the basis of GC retention time and EI-MS spectrum of authentic 2,4-nonadienal. The sweet pepper also contained a known bioantimutagen, benzaldehyde (ID(50) = 2 mg/plate). Additive bioantimutagenicity was also observed by 2, 4-nonadienal with benzaldehyde. 2,4-Nonadienal did not show bioantimutagenicity in an UV excision repair deficient strain, E. coli B/r WP2s uvrA(-)(). Furthermore no delay of the first cell division after UV irradiation was observed in E. coli B/r WP2. These results indicate that the bioantimutagenic activity of 2, 4-nonadienal on UV mutagenesis might depend on the excision repair system in E. coli B/r WP2.     

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in agricultural products

A simple, rapid, highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of paraquat and diquat residues in agricultural products. Paraquat and diquat are extracted with hot dilute hydrochloric acid and are cleaned up on an Amberlite CG-50 column, followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an NH2 column, with ultraviolet detection at 257 nm (paraquat) and 310 nm (diquat). The minimum detectable concentration of both paraquat and diquat was 0.5 ng per injection, which corresponds to a lower detection limit of approximately 0.02 microgram/g in the original samples. Recoveries of paraquat and diquat added to various samples were greater than 79%, and averaged 91 and 90%, respectively, at the 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/g spiking levels.     

Oxidative dimers produced from protocatechuic and gallic esters in the DPPH radical scavenging reaction

DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging reactions of protocatechuic and gallic acids, and their methyl esters, have been investigated by NMR. In acetone, methyl protocatechuate was gradually converted to a Diels-Alder adduct of two molecules of the intermediate quinone in the reaction with DPPH radical, whereas methyl gallate rapidly gave a symmetrical dimer via a putative quinone precursor. Both dimers are rather unstable and their structures have been deduced by in situ NMR measurements of the reaction mixtures. Gallic acid also gave a corresponding symmetrical dimer in the same reaction as methyl gallate, although protocatechuquinone produced from protocatechuic acid did not yield a Diels-Alder adduct, unlike its methyl ester. Interestingly, these dimer formations were not observed in methanol solution.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

基于工业CT扫描的不同类型土壤孔隙结构研究

本研究从3个土壤类型样地中采集11个原状土柱,进行CT断层扫描,结合结构方程模型定量分析土壤大孔隙特征参数与土壤含水量间关系。结果表明：不同土壤类型的大孔隙累积弯曲度可抑制土壤含水量的增加,褐土区的大孔隙垂直连续性强,喀斯特人工恢复林地区的大孔隙水平发育度高,且破碎程度高。不同植被类型条件下的林地总孔隙体积较大,乔木群落土壤大孔隙平均直径分别是灌木和草本的1.33倍和1.87倍,灌木的弯曲度高于林地;大孔隙的弯曲度可促进土壤大孔隙表面积的增加。本研究可为后续定量化分析大孔隙三维特征及其对水分运移的贡献等内容提供基础支撑,为不同地区人工林有效恢复及管理、林地土壤营养物质运移及滞留、土壤水分运移机制等提供参考。     

Epidemiological study on periodontal diseases and some other dental disorders in dogs

The prevalence of dental disorders in dogs was studied by applying index systems for human with some modifications. A total of 251 mongrel dogs including 143 stray dogs kept in the Animal Protection Offices in Tokyo and Hokkaido and 108 pet dogs visiting veterinary clinicians in Chiba Prefecture and Hokkaido were used. Periodontitis was prevalent among these dogs regardless of their sources and its incidence was increased with age. The lesion was more severe and more frequent in the premolar and molar regions than in the maxillary and mandibular incisor regions. Missing of teeth was observed at a high and increasing incidence with age. The tooth most commonly lost was the first premolar, followed by the other premolars and molars, where severe periodontitis was frequently found. Calculus was seen on many teeth, and aging agravated its prevalence and severity. Dental caries was observed in stray dogs, but neither to a serious degree nor at a significant level. These findings emphasize the necessity of dental hygiene, proper dental care and continuous periodical survey for dogs.     

水稻根系活力的遗传分析

 以典型籼粳交(窄叶青8号/京系17) F1代花培加倍的DH群体为材料，在抽穗期用TTC法考察根系活力。利用已构建的分子连锁图谱，采用区间作图法对根系活力进行QTL分析，在第4染色体的RG449和RG809之间检测到一个QTL。用Epistat软件分析影响根系活力的单个位点和位点间的互作，结果在RG809附近检测到一个单基因，并检测到2个条件型互作和4对互适型互作，这些位点分布在第1、2、4、7、8、9和11染色体上。     

Quality aspect of fish sauce prepared from underutilized fatty Japanese anchovy and rabbit fish

ABSTRACT:   To explore the potential utility of underutilized fish in the fish sauce industry, fish sauces were prepared from both raw and heat-induced meat of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens using wheat malt, and their quality aspects and sensory properties were assessed. Proximate composition of the fish meat represents protein as the major component (16.0–17.8%), other than moisture. Analyses of free amino acids, peptides including oligopeptides, and organic acids contents in fish sauces revealed suitability of both raw and heat-induced meat of the selected species in commercial fish sauce production. The variations in taste of raw meat fish sauces were species-specific, but the taste of fish sauces from heat-induced meat were similar.     

基于模糊层次分析法的农产品加工企业风险评价研究

风险评价是风险管理的重要阶段,针对农产品加工企业特点,提出了一种基于模糊层次分析法的农产品加工企业风险评价方法。该方法初步解决了农产品加工企业风险管理中的关键问题——风险因素的识别。以某农产品加工公司为例,介绍了该方法的应用过程。     

容县乌榄叶挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性分析

【目的】分析广西容县乌榄叶挥发油的化学成分及其抗氧化活性,为乌榄叶的药用开发提供参考。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西容县乌榄叶中的挥发油,利用气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析其化学成分,通过峰面积归一法计算各成分的相对含量,并用DPPH·法对其抗氧化活性进行测定。【结果】容县乌榄叶挥发油共分离出55种成分,鉴定了53种,占挥发油总量的98.130%,其中单萜类化合物和倍半萜类化合物比例高,分别为20和18种;挥发油主要成分有雅槛兰-1(10),11-二烯(11.652%)、α-芹子烯(10.291%)、γ-依兰油烯(9.719%)、α-蒎烯(9.208%)和1,6-二甲基-4-异丙基-1,2,3,4,4a,7-六氢化萘(7.523%);乌榄叶挥发油质量浓度为1.2 g/L时,其对DPPH·的清除率为63%。【结论】容县乌榄叶挥发油化学成分种类较多,以单萜类化合物为主,且具有一定的抗氧化活性,可作为天然香料、抗氧化剂资源进一步研究。