茄科蔬菜轮作对高发枯萎病蕉园土壤可培养微生物的影响

采用盆栽试验结合传统的土壤微生物多样性研究方法,探讨了不同茄科蔬菜轮作对高发枯萎病蕉园土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌、真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响。结果表明:香蕉连作后,土壤中真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量显著增加,分别为连作前的16.53和1.92倍;与香蕉连作相比,辣椒和茄子轮作后,土壤中细菌数量分别显著增加了5.02和2.82倍,真菌分别显著降低了96.31%和98.42%,尖孢镰刀菌数量分别显著降低了87.84%和81.36%,但对放线菌数量的变化影响不显著;与香蕉连作相比,辣椒和茄子轮作显著提高了土壤中的放线菌/真菌[Actinomycetes/fungi(A/F)]和细菌/真菌[Bacteria/fungi(B/F)]值,且均显著增加了土壤中具有拮抗香蕉枯萎病病原菌功能的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的数量。     

Parent‐of‐origin effects on carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle

Variances caused by the differential expression of paternally and maternally imprinted genes controlling carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle were estimated in this study. Data on marbling score (BMS), carcass weight, rib thickness, rib‐eye area (REA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were collected from a total of 13,115 feedlot steers and heifers in a commercial population. A sire–maternal grandsire model was used to analyse the data, and then, imprinting parameters were derived by replacing the genetic effect of the dam with the effect of the maternal grandsire in the imprinting model to calculate the genetic parameter estimates. The proportions of the total genetic variance attributable to imprinted genes ranged from 8.7% (SFT) to 35.2% (BMS). The remarkably large imprinting variance of BMS was mainly contributed by maternally expressed inheritance because the maternal contribution of the trait was much larger than that of the paternal trait. The parent‐of‐origin effect originating from maternal gene expression was also observed for REA. The results suggested the existence of genomic imprinting effects on the traits of the Japanese Black cattle. Hence, the parent‐of‐origin effect should be considered for the genetic evaluation of Japanese Black cattle in breeding programmes.     

The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the late cretaceous of madagascar

A partial skeleton of a primitive bird, Rahona ostromi, gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. This specimen, although exhibiting avian features such as a reversed hallux and ulnar papillae, retains characteristics that indicate a theropod ancestry, including a pubic foot and hyposphene-hypantra vertebral articulations. Rahona has a robust, hyperextendible second digit on the hind foot that terminates in a sicklelike claw, a unique characteristic of the theropod groups Troodontidae and Dromaeosauridae. A phylogenetic analysis places Rahona with Archaeopteryx, making Rahona one of the most primitive birds yet discovered.     

A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from africa and the evolution of spinosaurids

Fossils discovered in Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) rocks in the Tenere Desert of central Niger provide new information about spinosaurids, a peculiar group of piscivorous theropod dinosaurs. The remains, which represent a new genus and species, reveal the extreme elongation and transverse compression of the spinosaurid snout. The postcranial bones include blade-shaped vertebral spines that form a low sail over the hips. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the enlarged thumb claw and robust forelimb evolved during the Jurassic, before the elongated snout and other fish-eating adaptations in the skull. The close phylogenetic relationship between the new African spinosaurid and Baryonyx from Europe provides evidence of dispersal across the Tethys seaway during the Early Cretaceous.     

Unconditional quantum teleportation

Quantum teleportation of optical coherent states was demonstrated experimentally using squeezed-state entanglement. The quantum nature of the achieved teleportation was verified by the experimentally determined fidelity Fexp = 0.58 +/- 0.02, which describes the match between input and output states. A fidelity greater than 0.5 is not possible for coherent states without the use of entanglement. This is the first realization of unconditional quantum teleportation where every state entering the device is actually teleported.     

Thermodynamics of calcite growth: baseline for understanding biomineral formation

The complexity of biomineralized structures suggests the potential of organic constituents for controlling energetic factors during crystal synthesis. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the thermodynamic controls on carbonate growth and to measure the dependence of step speed on step length and the dependence of critical step length on supersaturation in precisely controlled solutions. These data were used to test the classic Gibbs-Thomson relationship and provided the step edge free energies and free energy barriers to one-dimension nucleation for calcite. Addition of aspartic acid, a common component in biomineralizing systems, dramatically affected growth morphology and altered the magnitude of the surface energy.     

河南省洛阳市小麦籽粒中元素富集特征研究

为了解洛阳市小麦籽粒元素富集特征基于土壤元素含量的关系,对洛阳市土壤硒高背景区种植的小麦和土壤进行了系统采集,测定了土壤25项全量指标、6种元素的有效态指标、7种元素的形态指标及小麦籽粒12种微量元素含量,分析了土壤和小麦籽粒中有益元素和重金属元素的含量特征、富集规律以及小麦籽粒微量元素与土壤元素的相关性。结果表明,研究区土壤富集硒和钼,小麦籽粒中钼、锌、硒、铜的富集系数均大于15%,富硒小麦的比例为69.11%,籽粒镉、砷、铅、汞、铬含量均低于全国平均值。小麦籽粒中硒、钼、砷含量与土壤pH值均呈显著正相关,镉、铬、镍含量与土壤pH值均呈显著负相关,锗含量与土壤pH值呈正相关,铜、锌含量与土壤pH值呈负相关,汞、铅、氟含量与土壤pH值均无相关性。研究区小麦籽粒具有有益元素丰富、有害元素含量低的特征,因而该地区是富硒富钼同时锌铜丰富的特色小麦有利地区。     

新型压电-流体混合驱动精密位移机构

提出一种新型压电驱动精密位移机构,着重介绍了其结构、工作原理和控制方法,分析了机构参数与输出性能之间的关系。该机构以压电叠堆为动力元件驱动流体,利用换向阀控制流体流向,通过执行缸两个腔体内流体置换的方法将压电叠堆的往复振动转换成执行缸的直线运动。调整电压或执行缸的参数可获得所需的进给步长和输出推力,具有精度高、易于控制、稳定性好等特点,适用于微位移以及较大行程范围内的精密进给运动。     

不确定度在链条极限拉伸载荷测量中的应用

在链条极限拉伸载荷测量中引入了不确定度,通过大量的试验测试找出了影响不确定度的主要因煮。在此基础上,推导出计算链条极限拉伸载荷不确定度的公式,给出了不确定度在报告中的表述方法,讨论了不确定度对测量结果的影响。     

基于FLUENT的籽棉残膜分离机布风板结构的数值模拟

介绍了FLUENT软件在异纤分离领域的应用情况以及主要特点,并且对籽棉残膜分离机布风板结构进行了数值模拟;同时,分析了两种孔型(菱形和圆形)对分离室气流分布的影响。通过这种模拟,能够准确地反映不同孔型布风板气流的实际流动规律,为布风装置的设计与改进提供理论依据。