一株感染深水网箱养殖许氏平鲉的病原菌分离与鉴定

2016年7月,山东省长岛县深水网箱养殖许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)暴发严重皮肤溃疡症。作者对病鱼进行病原菌分离。通过形态学观察、常规生理生化试验、gyrB和16S rDNA基因克隆测序等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定。在病灶溃疡处分离到一株绝对优势菌BZ01,该菌株在TSB固体培养基上呈半透明菌落,在TCBS选择性培养基上菌落呈绿色。透射电镜观察为短棒状,具有单根极生鞭毛。人工回接感染证明,该菌株对许氏平鲉具有较强的致病力,可以引起皮肤溃疡等症状,且与自然感染症状一致,其LD₅₀为2.07×10~6 CFU/ml。通过gyrB和16S rDNA基因序列测定并构建系统发育树显示,菌株BZ01与弧菌属同源性最高,并在系统发育树中与轮虫弧菌(Vibrio rotiferianus)聚为一枝,结合形态及生理生化表型测定结果,将该菌株鉴定为轮虫弧菌(V.rotiferianus)。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对四环素类、喹诺酮类、香豆素类、肽酰转移酶类高度敏感,而对大环内酯类、多肽类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类中度敏感或不敏感。     

不同施氮水平下深层土壤硝态氮淋失特征研究

通过GeoprobeR深层取土18m,分析了不同施氮水平下厚不饱和层土壤中NO3--N的迁移变化。发现不同施氮处理下NO3--N在一个生育期的淋失变化主要体现在0～4m土体内,土壤中硝态氮累积峰下移深度为0.2～0.6m,高施肥土体中,深层土壤6.7～8m和13～15m土体中也有少量硝态氮淋失,施氮量越高,淋失量和累积量也越高;不同施肥处理下,厚不饱和层土壤中NO3--N累积量变化主要体现4m土体特别是根区土层中,在2m土体内,土体中NO3--N的累积量与施入的氮肥量呈极显著线性关系,根区以下不饱和层中NO3--N累积量超过1800kg/hm2。     

淡水池塘黄鳍鲷与南美白对虾混养技术

黄鳍鲷又名黄脚立、黄加拉、赤翅,属鲈形目、鲈亚目、鲷科、鳍鲷属,肉质佳美,营养丰富,经济价值较高,黄鳍鲷适应力强,在河口区半咸水域均有分布,为杂食性鱼类,生长快。近年来,我县淡水池塘养殖南美白对虾通过不断探索鱼虾混养新技术来摆脱困境,2009年4月至9月,黄鳍鲷与南美白对虾混养试验取得成功,效益显著,现将技术情况介绍如下。     

水产疾病远程会诊系统构建及其产业促进作用

综合应用多媒体计算机技术、网络通讯技术、视频会议系统、显微图像采集等多学科技术,并集成水产经济动物生物学数据库、疾病病原数据库和水产药物数据库,构建了我国北方水产疾病远程会诊系统。系统包括中心站、地区分站、会诊终端站、流动式终端站、技术专家组以及基层技术人员。利用该系统可实现中心站、分站与养殖企业间的水产疾病异地实时诊断,提高疾病诊断的准确率。同时,这套系统还可用于水产养殖技术工艺、疾病发生及防治等信息的远程教育、学术交流、远程传输、数据共享和在线检索等功能。     

岱衢族大黄鱼室内人工育苗技术的研究

介绍了大黄鱼亲鱼室内常温越冬、提温培育促熟、人工催产与自然产卵成功,获得受精卵320万粒。优质受精卵在控温、增氧、控光照等条件下,孵出仔鱼288万尾,孵化率90%。仔鱼在室内水泥池培育,通过投喂强化的轮虫、卤虫幼体等活生物饵料;控制水温、水质等人工育苗条件,培育出体长2.1~2.6cm大黄鱼苗77.7万尾,育苗成活率达27.5%。并对大黄鱼人工育苗的关键技术进行了探讨。     

鳗鱼中磺胺类药物残留的Charm II放射免疫法检测

本文探讨应用Charm II放射免疫分析方法检测鳗鱼中磺胺类药物残留。确定鳗鱼检测的制样和控制点设定的方法,评价了免疫反应体系的灵敏度和特异性,验证了磺胺类最大残留限量50μg/kg的检测稳定性,90分钟可出检测结果。     

Viral and bacterial agents associated with experimental transmission of infectious proventriculitis of broiler chickens.

Proventriculitis of broilers can be reproduced by oral inoculation of day-old chicks with a proventricular homogenate from affected 3-wk-old broilers. The objective of the following studies was to isolate from this homogenate viral and bacterial isolates that could produce proventriculitis. A monoclonal antibody to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was used to precipitate virus from the homogenate. A primary chicken digestive tract cell culture system was also used to isolate virus from a 0.2-microm filtrate of the homogenate, and a bacterium was also isolated from the homogenate. In trial 1, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either proventriculus homogenate or monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated IBDV (MAB-IBDV). At 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (PI), 12 birds from each treatment group were subjected to necropsy. In trial 2, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either infectious proventriculus homogenate, suspect virus isolated in cell culture and propagated in embryo livers and spleens, or a bacterial isolate. Twelve birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 PI. In trial 3, treatments were maintained in negative pressure isolation chambers, and an additional treatment included virus plus bacterial isolate. Twenty-four birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at day 21 PI. In trial 1, infectious homogenate decreased body weight and relative gizzard weights at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days PI. Proventriculus relative weight was increased at days 7, 14, and 21 PI, and proventriculus lesion scores were increased at days 14 and 21 PI. Bursa/spleen weight ratios were decreased at day 14, and feed conversion was increased at days 4 and 21. The MAB-IBDV treatment decreased proventriculus and gizzard relative weights at day 4 PI, increased proventriculus lesion scores and bursa/spleen weight ratios at day 14, and decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios at day 21. In trial 2, all infected birds had significantly higher mean relative proventriculus weights at 21 days PI and had higher 4-wk mean proventriculus scores as compared with both control groups. In trial 3, birds treated with homogenate and birds treated with both suspect virus and the bacterial isolate had significantly higher proventriculus lesion scores; higher relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, and heart; lower body weights; and lower relative bursa weights compared with the saline control group. These studies suggest that infectious proventriculitis has a complex etiology involving both viral and bacterial infection.     

《诗经》与人神交流的“对话框”

本文认为《诗经》祭祀诗中体现了一种人与神交流的语辞传递方式，即通过巫身份的祝，将人语.呈告诉于神又转述神对人的赐不。此情形在其它先秦典籍中也可见，好象有一个固定的附话框”，人神“对话”多用之。