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161.
Priyanka Pal Narpinder Singh Parmeet Kaur Amritpal Kaur Amardeep Singh Virdi Naincy Parmar 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(6):584-592
Physical characteristics, amino acids composition, protein profiling, pasting characteristics, and phenolic compounds of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) from different paddy cultivars (PB1, PS44, PB1509, PB1121, and PS5) were investigated. L* (lightness) decreased, but a* (redness and greenness) and b* (yellowness and blueness) increased with germination. Protein and ash content increased, whereas fat and amylose contents decreased with germination. GBR showed lower hardness and gumminess than BR. Foam stability and water absorption capacity from GBR flour were higher compared with BR flour. Accumulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid, histidine, arginine, proline, methionine, and acidic amino acids increased significantly with germination, and increase was related to change in accumulation of glutelin and prolamins. The accumulation of prolamins and glutelin acidic and basic subunits decreased with germination. GBR flour showed lower pasting viscosities compared with BR flour. Ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and quercetin were present in both fractions of the bound form. GBR showed improved nutritional quality that varied in different cultivars. PB1121 was observed to be the best for producing GBR owing to greater changes brought in protein content, essential amino acids, catechin, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and foam stability. 相似文献
162.
MS Hadda Gurwant Singh Narinder Mohan 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(10):1293-1305
ABSTRACT Rice-Wheat rotation is the dominant land use in the state of Punjab, resulting in over exploitation of ground water resources. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate other land uses that requires less water and are sustainable. The present investigation was planned with four land uses viz., fallow (FLU), rice-wheat (ALU), grasses (GLU) and pear (PLU) with respect to their effect on soil organic carbon and soil physical characteristics in surface and subsurface depth in district Ludhiana, Punjab. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content was higher by 10, 30.9 and 24.9% under rice-wheat, grasses, and pear than that under fallow. The grasses showed higher soil moisture characteristics curve (SMCC) and lower bulk density (Db) than that under rice-wheat. The larger mean weight diameter (MWD) were observed under pear, grasses and fallow than that under rice-wheat by 0.21, 0.51 and 0.41 mm, respectively. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was higher in magnitude by 56.1, 55.4 and 28%, respectively under PLU, GLU and FLU over ALU. Of the evaluated land uses, pear and grasses proved to be more sustainable by retaining more moisture, maintaining better soil physical characteristics and SOC under semiarid irrigated conditions in the state on long term gradual response. 相似文献
163.
A study conducted to assess the floor vegetation shows the presence of 17 species underPopulus deltoides in comparison to 28, 29 and 35 underAlbizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo and mix-culture plantations, respectively. Further, the biomass and density of floor vegetation is considerably reduced underP. deltoides compared to other plantations. In addition, the indices for species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity are also
reduced underP. deltoides showing some inhibitory mechanism being operative under these plantations. Based on available literature, allelopathy is
speculated to be responsible for this reduction. 相似文献
164.
G. Singh M. Th. Van Genuchten W. F. Spencer M. M. Cliath S. R. Yates 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,86(1-4):137-149
Effluent concentration of chloride and two pesticides (prometon and atrazine) were measured during column displacement experiments at two water flow rates. A constant suction of approximately 1300 Pa was maintained in the packed soil columns which were positioned vertically on top of a vacuum chamber enclosing an automatic fraction collector. Measured breakthrough curves (BTC's) were analyzed in terms of two solute transport models: the standard two-parameter convection-dispersion equation (CDE), and a four-parameter two-site/two-region nonequilibrium model (TRM). Calculations obtained with the TRM model were found to be in better agreement with measured BTC's than predictions using the CDE model. Column retardation factors for prometon and artrazine calculated from equilibrium batch sorption coefficients were comparable to those estimated from the observed BTC's only when the nonequilibrium TRM model was used. 相似文献
165.
Global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production must increase 2% annually until 2020 to meet future demands. Breeding wheat cultivars with increased grain
yield potential, enhanced water-use efficiency, heat tolerance, end-use quality, and durable resistance to important diseases
and pests can contribute to meet at least half of the desired production increases. The remaining half must come through better
agronomic and soil management practices and incentive policies. Analyses of the recent International Yield Trials indicate
that grain yields of the best new entries were usually 10% higher than the local checks globally, as well as within a country
across sites. Variation in yield across sites within a country/region underline the role of genotype × environment (GE) interaction
and provides opportunities to select for stable genotypes, which is not often done. The lack of proper analysis undermines
proper utilization of germplasm with high yield potential and stability in the national wheat breeding programs. Some of the
best performers in irrigated areas were amongst the best in semiarid environments, reinforcing the fact that high yield potential
and drought tolerance can be improved simultaneously. The best performing lines often had genotypic base of widely adapted
genotypes Kauz, Attila, Baviacora, and Pastor, with genetic contributions from other parents including synthetic wheat. We
recommend within country multilocation analysis of trial performance for a crop season to identify lines suiting particular
or different locations within a country. The immediate feedback on GE interaction will also help in breeding lines for countries
having substantial variation across locations and years. 相似文献
166.
Crop productivity under differently lopped canopies of multipurpose trees in Central Himalaya, India 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Ficus species are multipurpose trees well known by rural populations in Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Africa. Their uses are well documented but their amenability for vegetative propagation has not been extensively studied. This paper compares the rooting ability of stem and aerial root cuttings from thirteen Ficus species found in West Africa. It highlights the differences between species belonging to the sub-genera Sycomorus and Urostigma. The former show no capacity to propagate from cuttings whereas the latter, with epiphytic development, can be propagated by cuttings, although this capacity varies among species. Thus, F. thonningii, F. leprieurii and F. ovata are easily propagated, while F. platyphylla and F. elasticoides are propagated with difficulty. The rooting capacity also varies depending on the cutting material used. It decreases in the following order: long leafless hardwood cuttings (pole) > nodal cuttings > apical cuttings. Rooting potential increases when the cuttings are harvested towards the end of the dry season(March to May). Aerial root can be used for cuttings in all species of the sub-genus Urostigma. The capacity of root cuttings to regenerate is greatest when cuttings are collected at the beginning of the dry season (November). In this case, wound-induced adventitious roots arise at the basal end of the cutting while de novo buds are developed from the cambium at the distal end. The subsequent morphological development is identical to that of a stem cutting. These results clarify and allow the optimal use of the knowledge and methods developed by the indigenous people of the Sahel and could assist and promote fig tree (Ficus sp.) domestication in the dry tropics.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
167.
GROSS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION OF LOW‐FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE STIFLE OF ASYMPTOMATIC HORSES 下载免费PDF全文
Marcos P. Santos Santiago D. Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Alexia L. McKnight Kuldeep Singh 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(4):407-416
With the recent introduction of a 0.25T rotating MRI system, clinical evaluation of the equine stifle joint is now possible in the average equine athlete. A recent publication described common abnormalities of horses with stifle lameness detected with a low‐field MRI system; however, postmortem corroboration of the lesions detected was not possible. Therefore, our objective was to compare postmortem findings with low‐field MRI findings in equine cadaver stifle joints. Ten fresh cadaver stifle joints from horses without clinical signs of stifle disease were evaluated using low‐field MRI, gross dissection, and histopathology. In eight stifles, either the lateral or medial cranial meniscotibial ligament had an irregular shape, fiber separation, or moderate abnormal signal intensity (SI) on all sequences. In five stifles, the medial femoral condyle had articular cartilage fibrillation with or without an osteochondral defect over the weight bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle. All stifles had abnormal SI on all sequences within the patellar ligaments that corresponded with adipose tissue infiltrating between the collagen bundles. Other abnormalities identified included articular cartilage fibrillation of the tibial condyles in three stifles, and articular cartilage fibrillation with chondral defects in the patella in three stifles. All abnormalities detected with low‐field MRI were corroborated by gross dissection. Findings from the current study supported the use of low‐field MRI for detection of stifle joint lesions in horses and demonstrated that some stifle joint pathologies may be subclinical in horses. 相似文献
168.
Ajai Singh 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(2):179-188
Drip irrigation system has been one of the technical means to improve water use efficiency. In India, this system is gaining
popularity among fruit growers and in water scarced area but a substantial area is being covered annually under vegetables
crops. One of the major concerns raised by farmers about this system is its economic viability. In present study, the economic
viability of drip irrigation system for growing capsicum crop based on discounted cash flow technique (Net present worth and
Benefit cost ratio) was explored. Eight irrigation treatments were laid under drip with and without plastic mulch. The irrigation
levels were taken as 1, 0.8 and 0.6 of the crop evapotranspiration. The pan evaporation method was used for estimation of
reference evapotranspiration and Water Balance Approach was used for irrigation scheduling. The average amount of water supplied
under treatment VD (100% irrigation requirement supplied with drip) was found to be 415 mm for whole growing season of the
crop. Similarly the amount of water was found to be 332 mm and 249 mm for the treatment 0.8VD (80% irrigation requirement
supplied with drip) and 0.6VD (60% irrigation requirement supplied with drip) respectively. Highest yield was recorded in
case of treatment VD + PM (100% irrigation requirement supplied with drip plus plastic mulch) followed by VD. Yield under
treatments 0.8VD, 0.6VD, 0.8VD + PM and 0.6VD + PM were significant while treatments VD, VF and VF + PM were at par with the
treatment VD + PM. Net Present Worth (NPW) was found to be positive for all the treatments. The highest NPW was obtained under
treatment VD as Rs. 309,734.90 and lowest was in case of 0.6VD + PM as Rs. 144,172.24. The yield per mm of water used was
reported to be at higher side as 35 in both the treatments VD and VD + PM. But the yield per mm of water used was found to
be lowest as 18.07 and 19 in case of VF and VF + PM respectively. 相似文献
169.
Govind Singh N. S. Nathawat Nand Kishore Sharada Ramani N. K. Ramaswamy S. F. D’Souza 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1723-1735
Radioactively labeled iron (59Fe) was used to study differential uptake in sorghum plants in the recovery stage of chlorosis. Radio-labeled 59Fe was supplied through root feeding in nutrient solution experiment (48 hrs, pH 6.2) to non-chlorotic and chlorotic plants. Chlorotic plants were further treated with foliar spray [ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), FeSO4 + thiourea (TU), FeSO4 + citric acid (CA), FeSO4 + thioglycollic acid (TGA)] to study the uptake of radio-labeled 59Fe through root feeding during recovery process of chlorosis. Under iron deficiency, the differential uptake of 59Fe was markedly increased in leaves and stem of chlorotic control (-Fe) sorghum plants as compared to non-chlorotic control (+Fe) and foliar sprayed (FeSO4, FeSO4 + TU, FeSO4 + CA, and FeSO4 + TGA) plants. The lowest uptake of 59Fe was observed in younger leaves (24.33 nmol, g?1 fresh weight h?1) and stem (1.98 nmol, g?1 fresh weight h?1) of non-chlorotic control followed by foliar sprayed plants in comparison to chlorotic control, respectively. Similarly less 59Fe uptake was observed in the older leaves of FeSO4 + CA sprayed (21.70 nmol, g?1 fresh weight h?1) plants in comparison to chlorotic control (35.60 nmol, g?1 fresh weight h?1). The highest differential 59Fe uptake through nutrient medium was in the roots of plants, which were foliar sprayed with FeSO4 along with TU. The role of iron alone and along with citric acid and thiol compounds is discussed in recovery of chlorosis. 相似文献
170.