EST-SSR标记在结缕草中的通用性

利用来自小麦、大麦、玉米、高粱、水稻的703个EST-SSR引物对在结缕草上进行了扩增,得到438个有效扩增的引物对,占总引物的62.30%.其中,源于小麦、大麦、玉米、高粱和水稻的EST-SSR引物对的数目分别为78(52.00%)、41(85.42%)、120(61.22%)、15(50.00%)和184(65.95%).单个引物对最高扩增带数为6条,平均扩增带数为2.46条.有效扩增引物中,二、三、四,五核苷酸重复的引物对数目分别为82、210、46、和100,以五核苷酸重复的EST-SSR扩增率最高,三核苷酸重复的扩增率最低.用其中的58个引物对对五种结缕草及1个结缕草品种共9份材料进行了分子系统发育研究.有53个引物对显示出多态性,占91.38%.53对引物中有多态性引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)值最高为0.89,最低为0.28,平均为0.52.聚类分析结果表明,9份材料可明确的分为两大类,一类为日本结缕草和中华结缕草;另一类为沟叶结缕草、细叶结缕草、大穗结缕草和兰引3号.     

野古草居群光合作用对光强和CO2浓度的响应特征

以移植于同一环境的辽宁地区4个野古草居群为对象,比较了它们的光合作用对光强和CO₂浓度的响应差异,为研究其居群表型性状多样性的生理基础提供参考。结果表明,野古草光合速率对光强和CO₂浓度的光合响应特征参数在居群间多数存在显著差异,居群P₁(本溪)、居群P₂(北镇)具较高的光饱和点(分别为1782和1690 μmol/m²·s)、表观量子效率(分别为0.0553和0.0564)及表观羧化效率(分别为0.0568和0.0783),较低的CO₂补偿点(分别为14和12 μmol/mol),具有较高的光能生产潜力。居群P₃(建平)、居群P₄(彰武)的气孔导度低(分别为0.1227和0.1176 mol/m²·s),蒸腾速率低(分别为2.67和2.68 mmol/m²·s),持水能力强。     

邻苯二甲醛杀菌作用研究

为了检测邻苯二甲醛（ortho-phthalaloehyole,以下简称OPA）的杀菌效果。我们选择大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，葡萄球菌，魏氏梭菌，荧光假单胞菌，蜡样芽孢杆菌作为试验菌株，采用MIC法测定OPA在不同温度下的最低杀菌浓度，并与甲醛，戊二醛作比较，同时将OPA配成5%的存贮液置不同条件下保存，测定其稳定性，试验结果表明，0.1%-0.7%（W/V）OPA具有杀菌作用，其5%的存贮液在不同条件下保存10个月以上，杀菌效果基本不变。     

氟喹诺酮类药物残留免疫学检测方法的研究

以沙拉沙星(SALX)为半抗原,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联后免疫兔,获得对多种氟喹酮类(FQNS)药物有特异性的广谱性抗体.以SALX与卵清白蛋白(OVA)的偶联物作包被原,建立并优化了间接竞争ELISA检测方法,对SALX最低检出限达19.319 μg/L,且对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星均有特异性识别,最低检测限分别是22.646、26.181和19.054 μg/L.结果表明,该抗体可用于多种氟喹诺酮类药物残留筛选检测.     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据伪狂犬病病毒gE基因的序列,设计和合成了一对特异的可用于检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的PCR引物和一条Taqman荧光探针,采用Li ght Cycl e 480荧光定量PCR仪,建立了一种可实时定量检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的荧光定量PCR技术。该方法的线性范围为1.0×102～1.0×1010拷贝,灵敏度可达4拷贝。检测速度快,仪器的运行时间仅为1 h。对13株猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒进行了检测,结果均为阳性;与伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗、猪细小病毒和鸭瘟病毒无非特异性反应。与病毒分离培养比较,该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、定量、重复性好等优点,可望用于临床上伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒的区分,伪狂犬病病毒野毒的检测和病毒分布的研究等。     

Using genetic tools to inform conservation of fragmented populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across their range in China

A herd of 15 Chinese elephants attracted international attention during their 2021 northward trek, motivating the government to propose establishment of an Asian elephant national park. However, planning is hampered by a lack of genetic information on the remaining populations in China. We collected DNA from 497 dung samples from all 5 populations encompassing the entire range of elephants in China and used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers to investigate their genetic and demographic structure. We identified 237 unique genotypes (153 females, 84 males), representing 81% of the known population. However, the effective population size was small (28, range 25–32). Historic demographic contraction appeared to account for low haplotype diversity (H_d = 0.235), but moderate nucleotide and nuclear diversity (π = 0.6%, H_e = 0.55) was attributable to post-bottleneck recovery involving recent population expansion plus historical gene exchange with elephants in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. The 5 populations fell into 3 clusters, with Nangunhe elephants differing consistently from the other 4 populations (F_ST = 0.23); elephants from Mengyang, Simao, and Jiangcheng belonged to a single population (henceforth, MSJ), and differed from the Shangyong population (F_ST = 0.11). Interpopulation genetic variation reflected isolation by distance and female-biased dispersal. Chinese elephants should be managed as 2 distinct units: Nangunhe and another combining Shangyong and MSJ; their long-term viability will require restoring gene flow between Shangyong and MSJ, and between elephants in China and neighboring countries. Our results have the potential to inform conservation planning for an iconic megafaunal species.     

国产头孢噻呋钠的毒性试验

为了解国产头孢噻呋钠的毒性,进行了小鼠的急性毒性及对鸡的亚慢性毒性试验。结果表明,小鼠肌肉注射头孢噻呋钠,LD50为1 673.02 mg/kg;鸡注射头孢噻呋钠21 d,未发现与药物相关的体征变化,各组间的体重变化无显著性差异;采食量、饮水量随鸡龄增加而增加,平行比较无显著性差异;各阶段鸡的RBC、WBC分类记数(中性粒细胞/N、碱性粒细胞/B、酸性粒细胞/E、大单核细胞/M、淋巴细胞/L)均在正常值范围内,各组间无显著性差异;各组间血清生化值BUN、GPT、ALB也无显著性差异;各组脏器无显著性差异,说明该药毒性较低。     

Expression and Bioinformatic Analysis of ADIPOQ Gene in Hanper Sheep

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and biological characteristics of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at different months of age.The ADIPOQ gene mRNA expression was detected in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at 3 different growth periods (1,7 and 13 months old) by Real-time quantitative PCR.The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ADIPOQ gene,protein characteristics and network interaction protein.The results showed that ADIPOQ gene was expressed in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep,which showed an increasing trend with the growth of the months age without significant difference (P>0.05).There was higher homology of ADIPOQ gene with Capra hircus (98.60%,99.00%) and Bos taurus (98.60%,87.00%) in nucleotide and amino acid sequences.The results of physical and chemical properties analysis showed that the molecular formula of ADIPOQ protein was C₁₁₇₂H₁₇₇₆N₃₁₄O₃₄₉S₅,the molecular mass was 26.00 ku,and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.88,which suggested that the protein was acidic.The average value of ADIPOQ hydrophilic protein (GRAVY) was －0.403,which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic and didn’t belong to transmembrane protein.In addition,the signal peptide sequence was Met¹-Ala¹⁷,and the cleavage site was between Ala¹⁷ and Arg¹⁸.ADIPOQ existed collagen structure domain and C1Q conserved structure domain at position 45－101 and 101－237,respectively.The secondary structure mainly composed of random coil (66.95%).The construction of protein interaction network indicated that ADIPOQ might interact with ADIPOR1,ADIPOR2,CDH13 and LEP.The results provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular biological functions of ADIPOQ gene in the process of muscle development in Hanper sheep.     

鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株基因型的研究

为了从基因水平确定鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株与其它狂犬病病毒的进化关系,应用RT-半嵌套式PCR技术,利用3条引物对病毒的核蛋白基因进行扩增、克隆及序列测定,并与已发表的狂犬病病毒株3aG、PV、CVS、HEP-Flury、RC-HL、Nishigahara、SADB19的核蛋白基因进行了比较分析。结果表明,8202株与其它7个病毒株均来源于同一个进化枝,属于基因Ⅰ型。     

绵羊宿营法清除天然植被对土壤和植物的影响

研究绵羊宿营法通过践踏和粪尿对土壤和对天然植被和人工草地的影响。结果表明,绵羊啃食和践踏对植被地上部分损坏严重,8羊夜后草本植物被全部清除,但对土壤容重、紧实度和通气性无显著影响。新鲜粪尿入土后,氨态氮和亚硝态氮浓度迅速上升(最高值分别达377mg·kg^-1和56.1mg·kg^-1),对植物产生毒害作用。单纯尿处理土壤氨态氮和亚硝态氮浓度分别达139mg·kg^-1和28.1mg·kg^-1,显著高于单一粪处理和对照。无毛丑柳叶片粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照(P<0.01)。调查结果表明,羊奶果和黄花香发芽枝条数在试验前后变化不大,但宿营后的无毛丑柳枝条数显著少于处理前。宿营处理的产草量明显高于践踏处理。