玉米杂交种正红2号群体结构与密肥优化方案的研究

采用两因素五水平裂区试验设计方法,研究了种植密度和施氮量对玉米新杂交种正红2号的产量及其群体结构的影响,建立了优化栽培模型。结果表明,正红2号产量在7500kg/hm2以上的高产栽培技术方案为:种植密度为58542.2～75474.3株/hm2,施氮量为188.50～336.50kg/hm2。     

Relationships between electrocardiographic findings, racing performance and training in Standardbred horses

SUMMARY The presence of abnormal T waves in three or more electrocardiographic leads has been used to diagnose the cause of poor race performance in horses. This study investigated the relationship between previous racing performance in Standardbred horses and T waves, and the effect of training on the T wave. Thirty-two horses were electrocardiographed in two Sydney racing stables. Sixteen horses (50%) had ECGs with three or more leads with abnormal T waves, and these horses had won more races, had a greater ratio of wins per start and a greater number of dollars earned per start than horses with less than three abnormal T waves (P < 0.05). Horses with abnormal T waves also had significantly faster racing times (P < 0.01). There were significant (P < 0.01) correlations between the number of abnormal T waves and both number of wins (R = 0.47) and dollars earned per start (R = 0.45). Fastest winning mile rate was also negatively correlated with number of leads with abnormal T waves (R =?0.52, P < 0.01). Twenty two horses were also electrocardiographed within seven days of good racing performance. The mean number of abnormal T waves was 2.7 ± 0.41, and the mean T wave amplitude in the four chest leads (CV, CR, CL, CF) was 0.9 ± 0.15 mV. Thirteen horses (59%) had abnormal T waves in three or more leads. The effect of training on the T wave was also investigated in nine previously untrained and unraced Standardbred racehorses. There were significant effects of training (P < 0.01) on the number of abnormal T waves and mean chest lead T wave amplitude. These increases occurred in the second phase of training during which faster exercise, race trials and racing were conducted. We concluded that abnormal T waves are a common finding in the race-fit Standardbred horse, and can be found in more than 50% of horses currently performing well in races. In addition, chest lead T waves become more positive after training.     

芋种质资源颜色性状多样性观察

为了探究芋种质资源颜色性状的变化规律,以保存在国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃的300多份芋种质资源为材料,按照《农作物种质资源鉴定评价技术规范芋》对芋种质资源的颜色性状进行观察和归类,并重点对芋的叶心色斑颜色、叶柄中下部颜色及母芋芽色的相关性进行总结和探讨。根据叶柄中下部颜色将滇南芋分为绿柄野芋(白芽类型)、乌绿柄野芋(红芽类型)和紫柄野芋(白芽类型)3个类型;将芋中的多子芋分为绿柄多子芋(一般为白芽类型)、乌绿柄多子芋(一般为红芽类型)和红紫柄多子芋(白芽类型)3个基本类型,将芋中的多头芋分为绿柄多头芋(白芽类型)和乌绿柄多头芋(红芽类型)2个类型。从滇南芋和芋的整体来看,只要叶柄中下部颜色含有乌绿色成分,则母芋芽色一般为红色类型。从叶心色斑颜色来看,滇南芋中的绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型;紫红色或紫色者,母芋芽色可能为白色类型,也可能为红色类型。芋中,多子芋叶心色斑颜色为紫红色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;黄绿色或绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。多头芋中,叶心色斑颜色为绿色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;紫红色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。     

In vitro studies of Norwegian Red bovine semen immobilized and cryopreserved in alginate solid gel network

Development of new semen cryopreservation techniques improving sperm survival and ensuring availability of viable spermatozoa for a prolonged time‐period after AI is promising tools to reduce sensitivity of timing of AI and enhance overall fertility. The SpermVital^® technology utilizes immobilization of bull spermatozoa in a solid network of alginate gel prior to freezing, which will provide a gradual release of spermatozoa after AI. The objective of this study was to compare post‐thaw sperm quality and in vitro sperm survival over time of Norwegian Red bull semen processed by the SpermVital^® (SV) technology, the first commercialized production line of SpermVital^® (C) and by conventional procedure applying Biladyl^® extender (B). Post‐thaw sperm motility was not significantly different between SV, C and B semen (p > .05). However, sperm viability and acrosome intactness were higher for SV than C and B semen (p < .05). Small differences in DNA quality were observed (p < .05). Sperm viability after storage in uterus ex vivo was higher for SV than for C semen (p < .05). Furthermore, sperm survival in vitro over time at physiological temperature was significantly higher for SV semen than C semen as well as B semen during the incubation period of 48 hr (p < .05). In conclusion, the SpermVital^® technology is improved and is more efficient in conserving post‐thaw sperm quality and results in higher sperm viability over time in vitro for SV than for C and B semen.     

束丝藻的竞争优势及其驱动机制的研究进展

束丝藻（Aphanizomenon）是一种丝状固氮蓝藻,具有入侵性且易暴发有害水华。近年来,在全球气候变化推动下束丝藻的扩张已然成为一种世界范围的现象,其广泛分布在温带、热带水体中,因其能合成藻毒素和异味物质而严重影响水生态系统功能,威胁饮用水安全和人类健康。束丝藻耐低温、喜低光,在偏碱性、低氮高磷水体中增殖较快,并凭其固氮、储磷以及释放藻毒素、形成群体胶鞘等独特生态策略使其在种间竞争以及群落结构演替中获得较大竞争优势,成为优势种群。鉴于束丝藻的危害性和扩张性,本文从束丝藻的生理生态特性、分布特征、竞争优势及其关键驱动因子等研究前沿进行了综述,并对相关研究领域进行展望,为进一步研究束丝藻种群竞争优势形成机制,有效防控束丝藻水华提供科学依据。     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育基因BnaX.MS1.a的克隆及其amiRNA载体的构建

根据拟南芥MS1基因已知保守序列设计特异性引物,分离克隆甘蓝型油菜中与拟南芥MS1基因同源的基因片段。应用PCR-Walking技术获得甘蓝型油菜核雄性不育基因BnaX.MS1.a,其全长3 424 bp。BnaX.MS1.a基因与拟南芥MS1基因全长序列同源性为60.3%,编码序列同源性为89.5%。根据基因序列比对结果推测开放阅读框长2 004 bp,编码667个氨基酸,分子量为765 kD,等电点为8.01。BnaX.MS1.a基因编码的氨基酸序列与已知拟南芥MS1基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性达93%。构建BnaX.MS1.a基因的amiRNA载体转化甘蓝型油菜,旨在研发核不育基因工程油菜。     

基于灰水足迹的长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空分异特征

长江经济带面临水生态环境污染制约下的农业发展困境,水环境约束下耕地利用生态效率的提升成为平衡耕地利用中经济效益与生态效益的关键手段,对于探索生态可持续的耕地利用模式、实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究以灰水足迹为视角,基于SBM-Undesirable模型、空间自相关分析及马尔可夫链模型探明2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空格局及演变趋势。研究表明：1）长江经济带2000—2020年平均灰水足迹值呈现先增后减趋势,2015年后下降态势更为明显。在空间上呈现为“东西高,中部低”的空间分布特征,灰水足迹高值区域主要集中在粮食主产区省份。2）2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率持续下降,效率均值处于0.5～0.8之间,存在较大提升空间。在空间上呈现高值区域多沿水系分布的特点。3）长江经济带市域耕地利用生态效率存在显著空间正相关性,以研究时段演变趋势来看,耕地利用生态效率的演进存在路径依赖,难以实现“跨越式”提升。因受到邻域背景影响,在空间上易显现出“俱乐部收敛”现象,“高-高集聚”与“低-低集聚”分布更为常见。可在农业生产重点区域采用差异化精准农业模式,需重视区域间动态协同发展,完善联防联治的面源污染防控机制,积极引导耕地利用生态效率高值区域逐步形成集中连片,同时对于耕地利用生态效率低效区提供财政与政策支持。研究结果可为各地区探索耕地利用可持续发展模式与农业生产活动中水生态环境保护提供参考依据。