农田木麻黄防护林网更新技术研究

通过沿海沙地农田防护林网中的木麻黄更新试验,结果认为:福建沿海农田木麻黄防护林更新迹地的沙壤都比较贫瘠且普遍存在P元素的缺乏;补充元素技术可有效地促进更新林带的生长;木麻黄优良无性系的利用能提高更新林带的保存率和生长量;农田木麻黄防护林带更新配套技术的实施可取得良好的更新效果,防护效能也得到了很大的提高。     

叶色白化水稻突变体转绿中若干生理与叶绿体发育特型的研究

以水稻白化转绿型叶色突变体及其野生型亲本为材料,研究突变体转绿过程中叶片相关生理特性及其叶绿体发育超微结构变化.研究结果表明:突变体随着叶色转绿,叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量增加、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,突变体叶色在完全转绿后,SOD活性电泳中出现了清晰的Fe-SOD谱带;突变体在2叶1心期,叶肉细胞内都是囊状空泡,没有叶绿体,而野生型亲本叶肉细胞内已具有大量叶绿体存在;突变体6叶1心期,叶肉内可以观察到叶绿体的存在,但叶绿体形态不规则或畸形;野生型亲本叶绿体可以直接由前质体正常发育而来,而突变体的叶绿体发育经历了“前质体-白色体-叶绿体”的过程,其叶绿体发育明显滞后.     

Skeletal deformities associated with nutritional congenital rickets in newborn lambs

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A group of 545 pregnant rising 2-year-old Coopdale ewes on a Southland sheep farm were grazed over winter on a fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) crop. Subsequently, 45 out of approximately 750 lambs were born with a variety of skeletal deformities, including shortened limbs, varus and valgus angular limb deformities, palmar grade stance and cranial bowing of the carpus. Analysis of the crop showed the fodder beet contained a low percentage of phosphorus. In addition, 60 out of 460 rising 2-year-old ewes that had been grazed on the fodder beet crop as 1-year-olds had incisor abnormalities and malocclusion.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Two affected lambs (1-day-old and 3-days-old) with representative clinical signs examined postmortem were found to have markedly enlarged costochondral junctions, and noticeably enlarged long bone metaphyses. In addition, one lamb had a dense band of metaphyseal sclerosis beneath the physes of all long bones examined. Histopathological findings included small islands and columns of chondrocytes and eosinophilic cartilage matrix present in the metaphysis. Metaphyseal trabeculae were disorganised and often lined by accumulations of pale pink osteoid; similar pale pink osteoid was also present in the cortices. Unerupted molar teeth in the affected lambs lacked a layer of enamel, and the dentine was irregular with globular basophilia.

DIAGNOSIS: The gross and histopathological lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of rickets.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nutritional congenital rickets has not been previously diagnosed in sheep, but is a recognised disease of human infants with vitamin D deficient mothers. The rickets in affected lambs was most likely associated with phosphorus deficiency as a result of the pregnant ewes grazing fodder beet during gestation. While vitamin D deficiency was not definitively ruled out in these cases, practitioners are alerted to the possible effects of feeding phosphorus-deficient fodder beet to ewes for long periods during gestation and to 1-year-old sheep during important growth periods.     

Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand

Abstract

AIM: To describe the patterns of use of antimicrobial drugs by veterinary surgeons treating commonly presented bacterial infections in companion animals in New Zealand.

METHODS: A postal survey of 800 randomly selected companion animal veterinarians practicing in New Zealand was conducted between August and December 2008. Data were collected regarding the antimicrobials prescribed for recent cases of skin, ear and urinary tract infections; the use of culture and susceptibility testing; and veterinarian characteristics such as proportion of time spent treating companion animals and recent attendance at continuing professional development (CPD) events. Potential associations within the data were explored using extended mosaic plots and multivariable regression models.

RESULTS:Completed surveys from 393 respondents were available for analysis, providing data on systemic antimicrobial drug use for 1,799 cases of presumptive bacterial infections. The most frequently prescribed drugs were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (864 cases, 48%), cephalexin (558, 31%), and fluoroquinolones (198, 11%). Of 359 cases of canine superficial pyoderma, 157 (44%) were treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 155 (43%) were treated with cephalexin with median reported treatment durations of 7 and 10 days, for these two drugs respectively. Culture and susceptibility tests had been used in 376 of 1,984 (19%) of all reported cases and 160 (43%) of these were suspected urinary tract infections. Practitioners that spent 100% of their time treating companion animals and who had attended a CPD course related to companion animals within the 12 months prior to completing the survey were more likely to submit a sample for culture and susceptibility testing and to prescribe longer courses of antimicrobials for the treatment of canine pyoderma than practitioners who spent less than 100% of their time treating companion animals and had not attended a CPD course in the last 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Broad-spectrum drugs considered by the World Health Organisation to be critically important for human health, such as fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, are amongst the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials in companion animal medicine, and these drugs are often prescribed without submitting a sample for culture and susceptibility testing.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Many cases of superficial pyoderma were treated for less than the recommended duration of 21 days, which may contribute to a higher rate of recurrent pyoderma and the development of drug resistance within the causal bacteria. Veterinarians should be aware that the use of fluoroquinolones, in particular, should be based upon the results of a culture and susceptibility test.     

Adipose-derived stem cells mediate immunosuppression of Th17 in multiple sclerosis

AIM: To investigate how human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) regulates the differentiation of Th17 cells in multiple sclerosis. METHODS: hASCs were isolated from the adipose tissues. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) kit was used to isolate CD4⁺ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The percentage of CD4⁺ T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The activated CD4⁺ T cells were co-cultured with hASCs for about 4 d at different ratios of hASCs to CD4⁺ T cells (1:4 and 1:10) in a Th17 polarised condition. Another group adding anti-leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) antibody was set up. Th17 cell proportion of the CD4⁺ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. The level of LIF in the supernatant of co-cultured system was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), LIF and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The result of flow cytometry suggested there were mainly hASCs, and the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells in the PBMCs were above 90% after MACS. The Th17 cell proportion decreased in 1:4 and 1:10 co-cultured groups in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of IL-6R, IL-23R and RORγt was downregulated and the expression of LIFR and LIF was up-regulated. When the anti-LIF was added into the co-cultured system, the ratio of Th17 cells increased and reached to the control level. The protein level of LIF obviously increased after co-cultured. After anti-LIF added, the mRNA expression of RORγt and IL-6R was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: hASCs inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells from multiple sclerosis patients through the competitive inhibition of LIF/IL-6 by secreting LIF.     

芋种质资源颜色性状多样性观察

为了探究芋种质资源颜色性状的变化规律,以保存在国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃的300多份芋种质资源为材料,按照《农作物种质资源鉴定评价技术规范芋》对芋种质资源的颜色性状进行观察和归类,并重点对芋的叶心色斑颜色、叶柄中下部颜色及母芋芽色的相关性进行总结和探讨。根据叶柄中下部颜色将滇南芋分为绿柄野芋(白芽类型)、乌绿柄野芋(红芽类型)和紫柄野芋(白芽类型)3个类型;将芋中的多子芋分为绿柄多子芋(一般为白芽类型)、乌绿柄多子芋(一般为红芽类型)和红紫柄多子芋(白芽类型)3个基本类型,将芋中的多头芋分为绿柄多头芋(白芽类型)和乌绿柄多头芋(红芽类型)2个类型。从滇南芋和芋的整体来看,只要叶柄中下部颜色含有乌绿色成分,则母芋芽色一般为红色类型。从叶心色斑颜色来看,滇南芋中的绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型;紫红色或紫色者,母芋芽色可能为白色类型,也可能为红色类型。芋中,多子芋叶心色斑颜色为紫红色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;黄绿色或绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。多头芋中,叶心色斑颜色为绿色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;紫红色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。     

芋种子萌发特性的研究

以仰光×乐平及仰光×霞山2种杂交种子为试材,探究消毒方法、光照、温度、播种基质对芋种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:8%Na Cl O(无水酒精稀释)处理9min后用无水酒精清洗种子是最佳的芋种子消毒方法;种子或珍珠岩消毒对种子的萌发和子叶的生长无显著影响,但在有菌条件下,生长后期衍生出的细菌或真菌会影响子叶的后续生长;芋种子是喜光性种子,种子萌发的适宜温度为25~30℃;在培养土中,芋种子不萌发,湿润滤纸、无菌水、珍珠岩、沙子和MS培养基中芋种子的发芽率较高,但仅沙子和MS培养基中幼苗生长健壮;移栽于培养土后幼苗生长良好,成活率高达95%。     

~(60)Co-γ射线对长毛明对虾诱变后子代幼体遗传变异的RAPD分析

本文首次使用60Co-γ射线对长毛明对虾进行诱变,将性腺成熟的长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)分为四组进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线照射,采用RAPD技术对诱变子代的无节幼体基因组DNA多态性进行了检测。遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算。从20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测154个位点,其中多态位点103个,占66.9%。单个引物获得的标记为4~11个,平均7.7个,分子量在100~2500bp之间。计算得到的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.7995~0.8696之间,相应的遗传距离变化范围则在0.1397~0.2288之间。实验表明:诱变子代与正常对照组相比,遗传多样性水平较高,诱变产生了较为显著的变异。     

不同CO2浓度和氮肥水平对稻田呼吸速率的影响

为研究不同CO₂浓度和氮肥水平对稻田呼吸速率的影响,利用12个开顶式气室开展田间试验,CO₂浓度设置对照（CK,自由大气CO₂浓度）、CO₂浓度比CK增加120 μmol·mol^-1（C1）和200 μmol·mol^-1 （C2）3个水平,氮肥设置低氮（N1,15 g·m^-2）和常规氮肥（N2,25 g·m^-2）2个水平,试验共6种处理。结果表明：在相同施氮水平下,在灌浆期和蜡熟期,C1N1比CKN1处理的呼吸速率分别下降了23.4%（P=0.045）和49.1%（P=0.010）;在抽穗期和灌浆期,C2N2比CKN2处理的呼吸速率分别升高了12.3%（P=0.009）和16.8%（P=0.047）。同一CO₂浓度下,不同施氮水平处理的呼吸速率表现为N2＞N1,且在拔节期和抽穗期达到显著水平,在灌浆期达到极显著水平;其中在灌浆期和蜡熟期,C1N1比 C1N2处理的呼吸速率分别下降了 31.1%（P=0.004）和 42.7%（P=0.010）。研究表明,大气CO₂浓度升高对稻田呼吸速率的影响因生育时期而异,氮肥减施可以降低稻田呼吸速率及CO₂累积释放量。     

不同栽培条件对香菇甲醛含量的影响

研究了不同的木屑种类、香菇品种、出菇管理模式等对香菇中甲醛含量的影响。结果表明：栽培香菇的主要原料木屑中存在微量甲醛,树种不同其甲醛含量不同;不同树种木屑培养料栽培获得的子实体中甲醛含量差异不显著,且明显低于木屑中甲醛含量;香菇不同品种间子实体中甲醛含量差异不显著;栽培模式不同,香菇子实体中甲醛含量差异明显,其中大棚式栽培最低,为15．10mg／kg,层架式栽培模式为16．50mg／kg,覆土式栽培模式最高,达22．13mg／kg。