Adverse reaction to procaine penicillin G in horses

Adverse reactions to intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin G are reported in 11 horses, five of which died. The clinical findings are presented and suggest central nervous involvement in most cases. Post mortem findings in one horse were consistent with anaphylaxis whereas in other cases the clinical findings, duration of treatment, speed of onset and subsequent completion of treatment supports diagnosis of an acute procaine toxicity syndrome.     

The phytotoxicity of various herbicides in two sandy loam soils and the effect of liming

The phytotoxicity of five soil-acting herbicides was investigated in two sandy loam soils and that of a further five herbicides in one of these soils. The effect of liming on phytotoxicity was also examined. Metoxuron, fenuron, metribuzin and fluometuron were more active in Boddington Barn soil than in Bledington soil. Prometryne was similar in effect in both soils. Liming significantly increased the effect of metoxuron in Boddington Barn soil and metoxuron, atraton, difenoxuron and metribuzin in Bledington soil. Monolinuron was less toxic in limed Bledington soil. Reasons for these differences have not been determined.     

Autogenous Cancellous Bone Grafts From the Sternum in Horses Comparison With Other Donor Sites and Results of Use in Orthopedic Surgery

Cancellous bone was collected from the fourth or fifth sternebra of six horses aged 12 to 36 months, and compared quantitatively and qualitatively with cancellous bone collected from the tuber coxa, proximal tibia, and rib at the time of necropsy, 28 to 49 days after surgery. Cancellous bone collected from the sternum was equivalent in amount and in microscopic appearance to that collected from the other three sites.
Cancellous bone also was collected from the sternum for use during clinical orthopedic surgery in 18 horses. Wound dehiscence occurring in two horses healed uneventfully by second intention. In each horse, an adequate amount of cancellous bone was obtained from one sternebra, with the exception of one horse where cancellous bone from two sternebra was used. Major complications with the donor sites were not encountered.     

Subsidence of an Uncemented Canine Femoral Stem

Factors contributing to subsidence were analyzed by radiographic evaluation and mechanical testing of 36 canine cadaver femora during and after insertion of an uncemented porous-coated femoral stem and by radiographic evaluation of 35 canine total hip arthroplasties. Mean percentage of canal fill in immediate postoperative radiographs, and percentage of canal fill at midimplant and distal implant locations, were accurate predictors of subsidence. Force required to implant the femoral stem was strongly correlated with force required for implant subsidence. Femoral morphology and percentage of canal fill at the middle and distal sites were accurate predictors of subsidence. Implants in femora with a stovepipe morphology (canal flare index ≤ 1.8) were six times more likely to subside than implants in femora that had a normal appearance (canal flare index 1.8 to 2.5), and 72 times more likely to subside than implants in champagne-fluted femora (canal flare index ≥ 2.5). Femora with more than 85% mean, middle, or distal canal fill were less likely to subside.     

Effect of Fascial Closure Technique on Strength of Healing Abdominal Incisions in the Dog A Biomechanical Study

Load-deformation data were used to determine the strength of healing abdominal incisions in dogs at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. The breaking energy of paramedian incisions closed by suturing the internal and external leaves of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle vs. incisions closed by suturing the external leaf only was similar in the 12 dogs studied. Closure of abdominal incisions by suturing only the external leaf of the rectus sheath provided wound strength comparable to the traditional method.     

Contact Area and Static Pressure Profile at the Plate-Bone Interface in the Nonluted and Luted Bone Plate

Contact area and pressure between 6-hole broad dynamic compression plates and 20 pairs of equine third metatarsal bones were measured using nonluted and luted plating techniques. Pressure-sensitive film (pressure ranges 10 to 50 MPa and 50 to 130 MPa) was used as the static pressure transducer. Nonluted and one of two luting techniques were tested on each pair of bones; each luting technique was tested on 20 bones. Quantitative determinations of contact area and pressure were made using computerized image processing techniques. Mean (±SD) total contact area for nonluted plates was 18.49%± 3.5% of the potential plate-bone contact area. Luting increased ( P <.05) total contact area to 25.56%± 4.0% and 31.29%± 6.6% for the respective luting techniques. The effects of luting on contact area were dependent on the contact pressure. At contact pressure ranges 10 to 20 and 21 to 35 MPa, luting increased contact area. In contact pressure ranges 36 to 45 and 50 to 65 MPa, plate-bone contact was inherently greatest and plate luting had no significant effect on contact area. In contact pressure ranges 66 to 99 and 100 to 126 MPa, luting decreased contact area. Contact area was increased at lower contact pressures at the expense of higher pressure contact. Contact in the middle third of the plate was 20% to 40% of the contact at either end of the plate. Plate luting increased contact area best where plate-bone contour was most similar.     

The activity of glyphosate and aminotriazole against volunteer potato plants and their daughter tubers

In three experiments, glyphosate (1.0 kg/ha) and aminotriazole (1.5 kg/ha) killed volunteer potatoes. Glyphosate (0.5 kg/ha) gave acceptable control in the field but not in the two pot experiments; in these latter, addition of ammonium sulphate to glyphosate improved its performance. Field applications of both herbicides at the end of May were less effective than those in June and July, because not all the sprouts had emerged in May. Aminotriazole killed those daughter tubers already pre sent, whilst glyphosate affected sprout viability and hence their ability to produce new plants. The practical potential of these two herbicides for the control of volunteer potatoes is discussed. Activité du glyphosate el de l'aminotriazole contre les repousses de pommes de terre et leurs tubercules fils Dans trois expériences, le glyphosate (1,0 kg/ha) et l'aminotria-zole (1,5 kg/ha) ont tue les repousses de pommes de terre. Le glyphosate (0,5 kg/ha) a fait preuve d'une efficacité acceptable au champ mais pas dans les deux expériences en pots; dans celles-ci, I'addition de sulfate d'ammonium au glyphosate a amélioré ses performances. Les applications au champ des deux herbicides à la fin de mai ont été moins efficaces que celles effectuées en juin et juillet parce que toutes les repousses n'étaient pas sorties en mai. L'aminotriazole a tué les tubercules fils déjà présents, alors que le glyphosate a affecté leur germina tion et par suite leur capacitéà produire de nouvelles plantes. La valeur pratique de ces deux herbicides pour lutter contre les repousses de pommes de terre est discutée. Die Wirkung von Gtyphosat und Aminotriazot auf Unkraut-Kar-toffelpflanzen und deren Tochterknollen In drei Versuchen wurden durch Glyphosat (1,0 kg/ha) und durch Aminotriazol (1,5 kg/ha) Unkraut-Kartoffeln abgetotet. Glyphosat (0,5 kg/ha) ergab unter Feldbedingungen eine brauchbare Bekampfung, nicht jedoch in zwei Gefassver-suchen; in letzteren wurde die Wirkung von Glyphosat durch den Zusatz von Ammoniumsulfat verbessert. Die Feldbehan-dlung Ende Mai war bei beiden Herbiziden weniger wirksam wie im Juni und Juli, weil im Mai das Kraut noch nicht voll entwickelt war. Durch Aminotriazol wurden alle bereits vor-handenen Tochterknollen getötet, wogegen Glyphosat das Kraut schädigte und damit auch die Bildung neuer Pflanzen beeinflusste. Es werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, die sich durch die beiden Herbizide für die Bekämpfung von Unkraut-Kartoffeln ergeben.     

Computed Tomographic Assessment of Noninvasive Intranasal Infusions in Dogs With Fungal Rhinitis

The distribution of infusate administered to 12 dogs with fungal rhinitis, using a noninvasive, intranasal technique, was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In every dog, contrast medium was identified on the postinfusion CT images, within the frontal sinuses, and throughout all areas of the nasal cavity. Adverse effects were transient and mild. The results of this study indicate that intranasal infusion may be a viable alternative to trephination of the frontal sinuses to administer antifungal medications in dogs with fungal rhinitis.