英语词汇与大学流行文化

随着经济、科技的飞速发展,社会文明的不断进步,大学校园文化也随之不断演变.作为具有较高知识素养的大学生最具文化变革的适应性,最易接纳社会流行文化潮流的时代变迁,对先进的文化最先敏感地做出反应--追逐时尚,崇尚时髦,从而形成校园文化的亚文化--流行文化.     

我国西部开发的环境和人文优势与发展战略

中国西部大开发作为一项跨世纪的宏伟战略，是一代伟人邓小平先生为中国改革开放事业和中华民族新的崛起而谋篇布局的“两个大局”的另一个“大局”，不仅是国内近年热烈讨论的题目，而且引起国外学者、政界、企业家的广泛关注，人们从各个不同的角度来解读它、认识它、研究它。从我国西部开发与国际大环境的关系入手，着重阐述了我国西部与东部相比存在的优势，并针对优势提出了一系列的发展战略。     

4、5、7月龄雌性大鼠骨计量学参数的变化及意义

目的：观察4、5和7各月龄SD♀大鼠的骨量、骨形成和骨吸收的变化。方法：21只3．5月龄♀大鼠按随机排列表随机分为3组：4月龄组6只、5月龄组8只、7月龄组7只。大鼠饲养至相应月龄时处死后做骨计量学分析。结果：各组间骨小梁面积百分率(％Tb．Ar)差异无显著性；5月龄组与4月龄组比较，反映骨形成的参数矿化沉积率(MAR)、骨形成率(BFR／BS、BFR／BV、BFR／TV)都降低，7月龄组与4月龄组比较，所有反映骨形成和骨吸收的参数都降低。结论：在4—7月龄期间，SD♀大鼠的骨形成和骨吸收活性下降，但仍保持平衡状态，骨量无显著性变化。     

Role of central PGE2 on sympathetic excitation in chronic heart failure

AIM: To observe the effect of central prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) on sympathetic activation in chronic heart failure (CHF) and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Male SD rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce heart failure (HF), and the intracerebroventricular infusion was performed by osmotic pump continuously. The rats in sham group and HF group were given artificial cerebrospinal fluid (0.25 μL/h). The rats in HF plus treatment group was given celecoxib (CLB; 20 mg/h). After 4 weeks, the levels of PGE₂ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the sympathetic nerve excitability and cardiac function were measured, and the changes of corticotropin-hormone releasing hormone (CRH)-containing neurons activation and neurotransmitter contents in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated rats, the HF rats had raised level of PGE₂ in CSF, up-regulated renal sympathetic nerve activity and plasma norepinephrine, increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, lung-to-body weight and right ventricular-to-body weight ratios, and decreased maximal increase and decreased rate of left ventricular pressure (P<0.05). In addition, the number of CRH positive neurons in PVN and the level of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone were higher in HF rats than those in sham-operated rats (P<0.05). After administration of CLB into the lateral ventricle of HF rats, the contents of PGE₂ in CSF were significantly reduced, the number of activation CRH neurons in PVN was decreased, the excitability of sympathetic nerves was down-regulated and cardiac function was improved (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-operated rats, the content of glutamic acid in PVN of HF rats was increased, the content of γ-aminobutyric acid and the number of glutamate decarboxylase 67-positive neurons were decreased (P<0.05). After the CLB was given, the above indexes were reversed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that in CHF, the increased central PGE₂ may activate CRH-containing PVN neurons and contribute to the augmented sympathetic drive possibly by modulating the neurotransmitters within the PVN.     

空间电场对蔬菜生长及营养成分的影响

以小白菜、小油菜、丝瓜和苦瓜为试材,在防虫网大棚安装空间电场条件下,研究了空间电场对蔬菜的生长和营养成分的影响。结果表明:空间电场提高了小白菜、小油菜的株高和产量,增加了小白菜、丝瓜和苦瓜的茎粗,降低了小白菜、小油菜的根冠比;4种蔬菜的叶绿素、可溶性糖含量下降;小白菜、小油菜和苦瓜的水分含量提高,但是丝瓜的水分含量降低;丝瓜和苦瓜的维生素C含量增加,而小白菜、小油菜的维生素C含量减少;空间电场还降低了小油菜、丝瓜和苦瓜的纤维素含量。总体来说,空间电场能够促进蔬菜的生长,提高蔬菜品质。     

工厂化豆芽成为现代加工食品新宠

伴随着经济、社会特别是科学技术的发展,我国传统家庭作坊式的豆芽生产已被日产印60～100 t的程序化、机械化、自动化、可调控的现代工厂化生产方式所取代.论述了我国工厂化豆芽产业的发展现状、加工特点、卫生安全、生产规范与市场监管机制,探讨了我国豆芽工厂化生产的可持续发展趋势,以期提升中国芽菜形象,改善人民生活质量,提升国际竞争力.     

不同处理对采后“南果梨”贮藏期间果皮钙形态及褐变的影响

以"南果梨"为试材,研究2%氯化钙处理、0.2%壳聚糖涂膜处理及2%柠檬酸处理对果实贮藏期间果皮褐变及钙形态的影响。结果表明:贮藏期间,氯化钙处理、壳聚糖涂膜处理、柠檬酸处理与对照相比显著提高了果皮中总钙含量,延缓了总钙含量的下降;果胶酸钙是果皮中的主要钙形态,约占全钙的53.4%~75.1%;氯化钙处理、壳聚糖涂膜处理和柠檬酸处理显著抑制了果皮中水溶性钙、果胶酸钙下降,促进草酸钙的增加;贮藏末期,氯化钙处理"南果梨"果皮褐变指数为5.556%、壳聚糖涂膜处理果皮褐变指数为16.667%、柠檬酸处理果皮褐变指数为25.000%,对照果皮褐变指数高达88.889%。相关性分析表明,果皮褐变与水溶性钙、果胶酸钙和草酸钙呈显著负相关,与磷酸钙呈显著正相关;氯化钙处理、壳聚糖涂膜处理和柠檬酸处理等3种处理都能通过控制可溶性钙向难溶性钙转变,抑制了果皮褐变的发生,其中以氯化钙处理效果最好。     

基于缬菌胺和代森锰锌残留特征及膳食暴露风险评估

本文建立了缬菌胺、代森锰锌及其代谢物乙撑硫脲(ethylenethiourea, ETU)在葡萄和黄瓜中的痕量分析方法,基于储藏稳定性研究阐明了其田间残留特征,并结合我国膳食结构评估了膳食暴露风险。样本经乙腈提取,衍生化后盐析离心,分散固相萃取(d-SPE)净化,超高效液相色谱质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测。缬菌胺、代森锰锌和ETU在葡萄和黄瓜基质中的平均回收率分别为84%~103%、86%~106%和83%~104%,相对标准偏差分别为1.1%~5.7%、0.8%~11.4%、4.4%~11.5%;-20℃避光条件下能在黄瓜和葡萄基质中分别稳定储藏720 d和758 d。缬菌胺和代森锰锌在黄瓜中的半衰期(1.7~2.4 d和1.4~2.7 d)均比在葡萄(6.5~30.1 d和8.6~12.8 d)中的短,而在葡萄中的最终残留浓度(<0.01~0.69 mg/kg)均比黄瓜(<0.01~0.16 mg/kg)中的高。两种果蔬中代森锰锌对儿童群体和一般人群急性膳食风险(%ARfD)分别为0.70%~3.68%和0.48%~2.53%,远低于100%;而代森锰锌和缬菌胺的联合慢性膳食风险为201.3%~831.7%,其中代森锰锌占比99.9%。可见,缬菌胺不会对我国消费者产生不可接受的膳食风险,但需警惕代森锰锌潜在高暴露风险,持续关注其在食物链中的生物累积风险,同步优化膳食结构,为其科学合理使用和健康风险规避提供理论依据。     

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES OF CANINE NECROTIZING MENINGOENCEPHALITIS

A Yorkshire terrier and a Chihuahua were referred for acute onset, generalized tonic‐clonic seizures and were suspected to have meningoencephalitis based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Brain lesions appeared hyperintense with T2‐weighted imaging and hypointense with T1‐weighted imaging, and were characteristic of necrotizing meningoencephalitis. Both dogs were diagnosed with necrotizing meningoencephalitis based on pathologic findings. Fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) was performed on both animals before euthanasia with the permission of the owner. In FDG‐PET images, these lesions seen in MR images were characterized by multifocal or diffuse hypometabolism. Our FDG‐PET results provided evidence of glucose hypometabolism in areas of necrosis and cavitation associated with necrotizing meningoencephalitis. FDG‐PET has the potential to provide valuable diagnostic information in dogs with suspected necrotizing encephalitis.     

冷暴露仔猪PBMC中Hsp72与血浆TNF-α、IL-6的变化规律

为探讨急性冷应激对仔猪免疫系统的影响及机制,本试验将18头仔猪随机分成常温对照组、冷暴露组和冷暴露并糖皮质激素受体(GRs)阻断组.常温组在18℃～20℃下而冷暴露各组在4℃～8℃环境下分栏饲养.试验期持续12 h,在冷暴露开始后六个时间点对18头仔猪采血并分离血浆和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),检测Hsp72和TNF-α、IL-6的水平.实验结果显示:冷暴露组IL-6水平在冷暴露6 h时比开始前有显著升高(P＜0.01),TNFα水平在冷暴露1 h 时显著下降(P＜0.01),3 h和6 h又显著升高(P＜0.01),且IL-6与TNF-α呈中等相关(r=0.4198);GRs阻断组IL-6水平在冷暴露6 h时显著升高,TNF-α水平在各时间点差异不显著;冷暴露各组Hsp72在冷暴露1 h,3 h,6 h,9 h,12 h时均显著升高(P＜0.01),且受体阻断组TNF-α与Hsp72呈中等强度负相关(r=0.6444).这些结果表明:急性冷暴露能使血浆IL-6水平升高和PBMC中Hsp72 的表达增强,而使TNF-α的水平降低,且阻断糖皮质激素对它们之间的相关性有一定影响.