一株水貂犬瘟热病毒的分离与鉴定

为寻找免疫失败的原因,有效防治犬瘟热的流行,对临床一水貂犬瘟热疑似病例,取其肝、脾、脑等组织研磨后接种Vero和BHK细胞分离病毒,并对分离毒株进行一系列鉴定。通过电镜观察,发现了大小约150 nm的副黏病毒样粒子。结果表明,分离株对鹅、鸡、小鼠、家兔、山羊、猪红细胞均无凝集性,该分离株的毒价TCID50为10-4.87;分离株病毒对乙醚、氯仿敏感,病毒的核酸型为RNA。经间接免疫荧光试验,接种病毒的BHK细胞出现特异性的亮绿色荧光。对分离株和对照毒株分别提取RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,最后得到与预期扩增片段(294 bp)相符的核酸电泳带,充分证明分离病毒为犬瘟热病毒。     

Increased expression of fractalkine and its receptor CX(3)CR1 in canine inflammatory bowel disease and their possible role in recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes

The interaction between fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 and its receptor CX(3)CR1 has been reported to play an important role in various human inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mediated by lymphocyte chemoattraction. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 in lymphocyte migration in canine IBD. IBD was diagnosed in 34 dogs, and 19 healthy beagles were used as normal controls. We quantified intestinal mRNA and protein expression of fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, and examined the localization of fractalkine in canine intestine by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CX(3)CR1 and surface antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Intestinal fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in IBD dogs compared with the healthy control dogs. In addition, fractalkine expression on intestinal epithelial cells was significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa of IBD dogs compared with the healthy dogs. CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs were significantly elevated in IBD dogs and positively correlated with the histopathological severity of IELs infiltration. These CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs predominantly expressed markers for cytotoxic T cells. Almost all IELs expressed CD3, and the majority of cells expressed CD8 rather than CD4, which was analogous to the CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs. These results suggest that the fractalkine-CX(3)CR1 interaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IBD through migration of IELs.     

水貂绿脓杆菌(PASD03)鞭毛蛋白免疫原性的研究

为了研究水貂绿脓杆菌(PASD03)鞭毛蛋白的免疫原性,采用酶联免疫吸附试验、琼脂扩散试验、试管凝集试验和免疫印迹试验,对鞭毛蛋白免疫的兔抗血清进行了检测。结果表明:酶联免疫吸附试验呈阳性反应,血清稀释倍数在1∶80~1∶100之间最好;免疫扩散试验抗体效价达1∶64,试管凝集试验抗体效价在1∶1 600~1∶3 200之间;免疫印迹试验在53.0 ku左右出现1条特异性条带。说明检测的鞭毛蛋白具有较高的抗原性,为有效控制水貂绿脓杆菌病提供了新型候选疫苗源。     

鉴别犬瘟热病毒疫苗株和野毒株RT—PCR—RFLP方法的建立及应用

根据Onderstepoort株H基因序列,设计1对引物建立RT-PCR-RFLP检测方法,对不同宿主来源的疑似犬瘟热临床样品进行检测,并对检出的犬瘟热病毒野毒山东株PCR产物进行克隆和序列分析,验证RT—PCR—RFLP检测方法。结果RT—PCR扩增片段为1921bp,产物经RFLP分析,野毒株的PCR产物能被NdeI酶切为1282、345和294bp3个片段,弱毒疫苗株则不能被切开;病毒RNA的最小检出量为2．15ng。临床检测共检出19份样品为犬瘟热阳性,其中15份为野毒株感染,其H基因编码区全长为1824bp,均在1279和1543处有NdeI酶切位点,推导氨基酸与野毒株的同源性在92．9％～96．9％,与疫苗株的同源性在89．0％～90．8％,进化树分析显示这些毒株在基因型上属于Asia-1型,为野毒株谱系。该方法的建立为临床上犬瘟热病毒的鉴别检测和诊断提供了依据。     

亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒核酸检测标准物质的制备研究

针对目前口蹄疫病毒核酸扩增检测缺乏标准物质的现状,以口蹄疫病毒亚洲Ⅰ型核酸为模板,分别设计引物扩增具有检测意义的5′端1nt～2208nt的片段(含完整的5′NCR)和3012nt～5155nt片段(含完整1D～2B区域),并克隆于pMD20-T。测序后采用体外转录方法制备2种RNA纯品,进行初步定量稀释后等量混合分装。采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行均匀性和稳定性检验后,委托外部实验室对RNA片段进行拷贝数定值。结果显示,制备的标准品均匀性和稳定性良好。     

一例鸡传染性囊病的诊断及病毒分离鉴定

为获得目前引起传染性囊病的病毒对2017年5月山东青岛某蛋鸡养殖场疑似感染传染性囊病的病例进行了诊断和病毒分离。采用琼脂糖免疫扩散试验诊断该病;SPF鸡胚培养、动物接种分离培养病毒,用RT-PCR和琼扩试验鉴定鸡胚分离病毒。结果在琼脂糖免疫扩散试验中该病毒能与传染性囊病阳性血清呈现白色沉淀线;在SPF鸡胚接毒后第3~4天出现鸡胚死亡现象,且胚体皮下出血、绒毛尿囊膜增厚混浊等特征;RT-PCR反应中该抗原能利用特异性引物扩增出目的片段;对30日龄SPF鸡攻毒试验中出现腔上囊肿大,黏膜面有点状出血等病变。结果表明,在实验室确诊了传染性囊病并在鸡胚中成功增殖了该病毒。     

Cytokines in mammary lymph and milk during endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis

Cytokine kinetics were examined in milk and in afferent and efferent lymph of the supramammary lymph node after intramammary infusion of endotoxin from Escherichia coli. Cows were sampled 0, 2 and 4h after infusion (p.i.). Neutrophils appeared in afferent lymph 2h p.i., and in efferent lymph and milk 4h p.i. The milk contained high concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) at 2 and 4h p.i. IL-8 was also found in lymph, but at lower concentrations. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration tended to increase in afferent lymph at 2h p.i., and increased in milk at 4h p.i. The level of IL-1beta increased at 4h p.i. in milk, but was not detected in lymph. Interferon-gamma was not detected in any sample, at any time. The results indicate a primary role for IL-8 in the recruitment of neutrophils into the gland, and suggest that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are not necessary for IL-8 production and release in response to endotoxin.     

Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge

One of the crucial factors for evaluation of an effective genetically engineered vaccine is whether susceptible animals are protected from virus challenge after vaccination. In this study, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV-P12A3C) that expressed capsid precursor polypeptide P12A and nonstructural protein 3C of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was used as a vaccine. The expression of P12A3C and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against FMDV challenge were measured. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after each immunization. Subsequently, each piglet was challenged with 1000 ID₅₀ (50% infection dose) FMDV serotype O, named OR/80, which is used to produce vaccine in China. PRV-P12A3C induced a high level of neutralizing antibody and FMDV-specific lymphocytes. Inactivated vaccine provided 100% protection, and the vector strain (TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻) showed no protection. PRV-P12A3C induced 60% protection, compared with piglets that were vaccinated with TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻. The severity of clinical signs for the remaining two piglets was lighter and the appearance of vesicles was delayed.     

Effect of endobronchial challenge with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 of pigs vaccinated with bacterins consisting of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 grown under NAD-rich and NAD-restricted conditions

The efficacy of two bacterins containing an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 strain was evaluated. The bacterial cells constituting bacterin 1 and 2 were grown under nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-rich (low-adherence capacity to alveolar epithelial cell cultures) and NAD-restricted (high-adherence capacity to alveolar epithelial cell cultures) conditions, respectively. Ten pigs were vaccinated twice with the bacterin 1 and nine pigs with the bacterin 2. Ten control animals were injected twice with a saline solution. Three weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs were endobronchially inoculated with 106.5 colony-forming units (CFU) of an A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 strain. In the bacterin 1 and 2 group, three and two pigs died after inoculation, respectively. Only two pigs of the control group survived challenge. Surviving pigs were killed at 7 days after challenge. The percentage of pigs with severe lung lesions (> 10% of the lung affected) was 100% in the control group, 70% in the bacterin 1 group and 22% in the bacterin 2 group. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was isolated from the lungs of all animals. The mean bacterial titres of the caudal lung lobes were 7.0 x 10(6) CFU/g in the control group, 6.3 x 10(5) CFU/g in the bacterin 1 group and 1.3 x 10(6) CFU/g in the bacterin 2 group. It was concluded that both bacterins induced partial protection against severe challenge. Furthermore, there are indications that the bacterin 2, containing A. pleuropneumoniae bacteria grown under conditions resulting in high in vitro adhesin, induced better protection than the bacterin 1.