论现代动物育种新技术与我国主要畜禽育种目标的结合应用

阐述了现代动物育种新技术和国内动物育种的技术重点，即：分子数量遗传学、生物技术、BLUP育种、育种方案和繁育体系优化的系统工程技术，提出了将新技术应用于我国畜禽育种目标的渗透方法和策略。     

平凉红牛群体特性研究进展及未来育种研究方向

平凉红牛是由平凉本地黄牛改良选育形成的独特肉牛种质资源,具有肌内脂肪沉积明显、肉质细嫩等优良特性,但其遗传背景复杂,种群缺乏系统的选育方案,育种进展较为缓慢。本文总结了近年来平凉红牛的育种研究进展,研判了现阶段育种发展中所面临的诸多挑战,提出平凉红牛下一步的育种及研究方向,以期为加快平凉红牛的品种化培育提供参考。     

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum detected in Japanese black and Holstein calves in Iwate Prefecture and Tanegashima Island,Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan

Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 43 out of 77 calves from two farms in Iwate Prefecture and nine farms on Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The DNA fragments of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene were amplified by a nested PCR from 43 oocyst-positive as well as one oocyst-negative samples. All of them were precisely identified as C. parvum by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA gene. C. parvum oocyst-positive calves ranged in age from 6 to 13 days old and significantly have watery diarrhea (P<0.05). Sequences of the gene encoding the 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) in 43 Cryptosporidium oocyst-positive samples were identical to that of the zoonotic IIaA15G2R1 subtype. We therefore suggest that calves could be potential sources of C. parvum infections in humans.     

7种番木瓜环斑病毒分离株外壳蛋白基因的克隆与序列比较

采用RT-PCR技术对我国海南、云南、广西和广东等不同番木瓜生产区的7个番木瓜环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因(PRSV-CP)进行克隆和鉴定分析。PRSV-CP编码区在864～873核苷酸之间,编码288～291氨基酸。对分离的7个PRSV-CP的核苷酸及氨基酸序列的比较结果表明大部分序列差异都处于N端,而各产区番木瓜PRSV-CP基因的3′端586～864bp区段,即278bpDNA片断的同源率最高,达到98.5%。这一同源序列的获得为利用植物基因工程培育广谱抗病性的番木瓜新品系奠定了基础。     

不同套袋材料对红杧果实品质及贴字效果的影响

过硫酸纸袋、白色纸袋、黑色双层纸袋、纱网袋、白色无纺布袋、黑色无纺布袋和报纸袋等不同套袋材料对红?(Tommy)果实进行套袋处理,研究不同套袋材料对果实品质的影响,同时对果实贴字效果进行了比较。结果表明:套袋对防虫防病效果非常明显,改善果实的外观品质和营养品质并增强贴字效果。其中以白色无纺布袋和双层黑纸袋效果最佳,其次是黑色无纺布袋和白色纸袋。      

Long-lived volcanism on the lunar farside revealed by SELENE Terrain Camera

We determined model ages of mare deposits on the farside of the Moon on the basis of the crater frequency distributions in 10-meter-resolution images obtained by the Terrain Camera on SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) (Kaguya). Most mare volcanism that formed mare deposits on the lunar farside ceased at approximately 3.0 billion years ago, suggesting that mare volcanism on the Moon was markedly reduced globally during this period. However, several mare deposits at various locations on the lunar farside also show a much younger age, clustering at approximately 2.5 billion years ago. These young ages indicate that mare volcanism on the lunar farside lasted longer than was previously considered and may have occurred episodically.     

UCP3基因遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛生长

为了分析UCP3基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长及育肥性状的相关性。以118头中国西门塔尔育肥牛为研究材料,通过DNA测序和PCR-RFLP技术检测UCP3基因BglI酶切位点SNPs,并进行相关分析。UCP3-BglI酶切位点表现多态,且处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。与部分育肥性状的相关分析表明,该位点与饲料转化率性状和平均日增重性状表现显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体均值显著优于AB和BB基因型个体,料肉比较低,日增重较高;与部分生长性状的相关分析发现在15月龄体高、体长和胸围性状,12月龄体高性状,8月龄体长性状中UCP3-BglI多态位点差异显著,AA基因型个体表型值显著高于其他或其中一个基因型值(P<0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,UCP3-BglI多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和后腿宽和背膘厚性状影响显著。其中AA和AB基因型个体胴体长、胴体胸深和背膘厚性状的表型值显著高于BB基因型个体（P<0.05）;在后腿宽性状中,AB个体表型值显著高于AA和BB个体（P<0.05）。初步认为,AA基因型与优良的生长育肥性状显著相关,对A等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。     

河南部分地区H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定及交叉免疫攻毒保护试验

为了分离鉴定河南漯河、郑州H9亚型禽流感病毒及交叉免疫攻毒保护试验。于2011年用SPF鸡胚从河南漯河、郑州疑似感染H9亚型禽流感病毒的病料中分离出2株病毒,通过血凝及血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR方法进行鉴定,确定为AIV H9亚型;用河南省动物性食品安全重点实验室于2001年分离的2株H9亚型禽流感病毒分别制成油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,然后再用上述4株病毒对免疫鸡群进行交叉攻毒,进行交叉免疫保护试验,测定其交叉免疫保护作用。结果表明：成功分离出2株H9亚型禽流感病毒;用2001年分离毒株所制备出的灭活疫苗免疫鸡后,试验鸡体内抗H9亚型禽流感HI抗体效价均明显上升,平均HI效价均大于11log2,不同毒株所诱导产生的HI抗体效价存在一定的差异;不同时期及地点分离的H9亚型禽流感流行毒株间均产生了较好的交叉保护,且同一地区的保护率更高,2001年的分离株对目前的流行毒株仍有很好的保护作用。     

SEM observations on larval shell morphology of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and their utility

Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is common and abundant on Japanese tidal flats, forming a commercially important clam fishery. However, annual catches of Manila clam have decreased drastically since 1975?C1985. To study larval recruitment processes of Manila clam, we carried out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations on larval and juvenile shells of clams reared at 20 and 24?°C. There was no significant difference in final shell length of trochophores between 20 and 24?°C. However, the larval duration was much longer and the shell length of settled size of pediveligers was much larger for clams reared at 20?°C than those reared at 24?°C. These findings suggest that larval duration and growth, as well as settlement size, may vary markedly depending on temperature (and probably on season). The larval shell morphology of Manila clam can provide essential information about larval recruitment processes.     

Survey of porcine proliferative enteritis in the Tohoku District of Japan

A survey of proliferative enteritis (PE) in pigs at a meat processing plant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing methods. During the investigation period, 227 of 83,717 pigs brought to the meat processing plant from Iwate, Fukushima, Miyagi, Niigata, and Yamagata Prefectures displayed characteristic general pathological features in terminal ileum, including mucosal hypertrophy and reticulation of serosal surface. Of these, 179 cases were further examined in the laboratory. All cases displayed characteristic histopathological features, and the specific band of the Lawsonia intracellularis (Li) causative agent of PE in pigs was detected in 155 cases by PCR testing methods. These results suggested a general infiltration of Li in the Tohoku district.