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91.
A melt-process was used to prepare high molecular weight Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films without the use of a conventional
plasticizer and heat stabilizer. Rigid PVC powder was swollen with dimethylformamide containing 4∼10 vol% water to reduce
its melting temperature. The swollen powder was pressed at a relatively low temperature of 75∼125 °C to form a film shape,
and then washed and dried. The visible light transmittance, X-ray diffraction, density and the tensile properties of the resulting
films were examined to estimate the success or failure of film formation. The films could be produced by not only the melt-process
but also a compression-process using the rigid, highly swollen PVC powder. The resulting films had no voids, which are generally
observed in PVC products formed by a solution process. The minimum temperature for these processes decreased with decreasing
water content in the mixture: The minimum temperatures according to the water content in the mixture to produce faultless
films through the melt-process were 4 %–105 °C, 6 %–115 °C, 8 and 10 %–125 °C, while those through the compression process
were 4 %–95 °C, 6 and 8 %–105 °C, 10 %–115 °C. 相似文献
92.
In this study, micro-porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nonwovens were prepared by carboxymethylation of cellulose nonwovens
produced by a wet-laid process and their properties were investigated for potential applications as adhesion prevention barriers.
After carboxymethylation, the thickness and mean pore size of the cellulose nonwovens were increased, whereas their pore size
distribution became narrower. Tensile strength of cellulose nonwovens was proportional to basis weight, and dramatically increased
after carboxymethylation. CMC nonwovens immediately absorbed a phosphate buffered saline solution and showed swollen phase
within 1 min. It was found that the thickness and pore size distribution of CMC nonwovens could be easily controlled by the
wet-laid process. It is expected that the CMC nonwovens can be used as adhesion prevention barriers. 相似文献
93.
Multiple segmented reaches per subwatershed modeling approach for improving HSPF-Paddy water quality simulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ji-Hong Jeon Kyoung Jae Lim Chun G. Yoon Bernard A. Engel 《Paddy and Water Environment》2011,9(2):193-205
Reach segmentation influences predicted water quality concentrations in water quality modeling. Many lumped or semi-distributed
watershed models, including Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), simulate
stream/river water quality with a single segmented reach per subwatershed (SSRS) modeling approach. A multiple-segmented reaches
per subwatershed (MSRS) modeling approach was developed, and simulated BOD5 concentrations for this approach were compared with results from the SSRS modeling approach using the HSPF-Paddy model. The
SSRS modeling approach has potential systemic errors for predicting BOD5 concentration even when the model is well calibrated. When the point source was loaded at the most upstream location with
the same decay rate, the predicted BOD5 concentration using the SSRS modeling approach was higher compared with results for the MSRS modeling approach, and the difference
between two methods increases with increasing load and decay rate. When BOD5 was loaded more downstream, BOD5 concentration using the SSRS modeling approach was lower compared with results for MSRS modeling. For a case study, simulated
streamflow and BOD5 concentration for the SSRS and MSRS modeling approaches demonstrated good agreement with observed data. However, the estimated
decay rate for the SSRS modeling approach was smaller than that for the MSRS modeling approach because BOD decays through
total volume in the SSRS modeling approach, although BOD may be loaded anywhere in the reach. The MSRS modeling approach can
minimize systematic errors and provide more detailed variation of water quality concentrations along a river length. The MSRS
modeling approach does not always need to be applied to all subwatersheds but is recommended for reaches significantly polluted
by point source pollution. 相似文献
94.
Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinity stress in soybean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ji Young Yoon Muhammad Hamayun Su-Kyung Lee In-Jung Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(2):63-68
We studied the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating NaCl-induced salt stress on soybean growth and development in
hydroponics medium. Soybean seedlings were exposed to 60 mM NaCl stress for 2 weeks, 24 h after the application of 20 and
30 μM MeJA. NaCl stress induced a significant reduction in plant growth, endogenous bioactive gibberellin (GA4), photosynthesis
and transpiration rate, while a marked increase in the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents were recorded.
MeJA application greatly mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl on soybean growth and endogenous hormones. MeJA significantly
increased ABA levels, while the endogenous amount of GA4 was reduced by the application of NaCl. Our study revealed that MeJA
counteracted the negative effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration
rate, and proline content. 相似文献
95.
Vanessa Dias Capriles Eveline Lopes Almeida Reinaldo Eduardo Ferreira Jos Alfredo Gomes Arêas Caroline Joy Steel Yoon Kil Chang 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(5):614-618
The sum of wheat flour and corn starch was replaced by 10, 20, or 30% whole amaranth flour in both conventional (C) and reduced fat (RF) pound cakes, and the effects on physical and sensory properties of the cakes were investigated. RF presented 33% fat reduction. The increasing amaranth levels darkened crust and crumb of cakes, which decreased color acceptability. Fresh amaranth‐containing cakes had similar texture characteristics to the controls, evaluated both instrumentally and sensorially. Sensory evaluation revealed that replacement by 30% amaranth flour decreased C cakes overall acceptability scores, due to its lower specific volume and darker color. Amaranth flour levels had no significant effect on overall acceptability of RF cakes. Hence, the sum of wheat flour and corn starch could be successfully replaced by up to 20% amaranth flour in C and up to 30% in RF pound cakes without negatively affecting sensory quality in fresh cakes. Moisture losses for all the cakes were similar, ≈1% per day during storage. After six days of storage, both C and RF amaranth‐containing cakes had higher hardness and chewiness values than control cakes. Further experiments involving sensory evaluation during storage are necessary to determine the exact limit of amaranth flour replacement. 相似文献
96.
Allosteric regulation of organometallic catalysts could allow for greater control over reactions. We report an allosteric supramolecular structure in which a monometallic catalytic site has been buried in the middle layer of a triple-layer complex. Small molecules and elemental anions can open and close this complex and reversibly expose and conceal the catalytic center. The ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone can be turned on by the in situ opening of the triple-layer complex and then completely turned off by reforming it through the abstraction of Cl(-), the allosteric effector agent, without appreciable loss of catalytic activity. This process can regulate the molecular weights of the resulting polymers. 相似文献
97.
Woong Yoon Jung Min Ryu Min Young Lee Yong Ju Moon Sang Hun Lee Jae Hong Park Seung Pil Yun Min Woo Jang Sung Su Park Ho Jae Han 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(3):185-189
Micropigs are the most likely source animals for xenotransplantation. However, an appropriate method for evaluating the lung of micropigs had not been established. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of 64-channel multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) to measure the diameter of the pulmonary arteries and the lung volume in micropigs. The mean diameters of the trachea, and left and right bronchi were 1.6 ± 0.17, 1.18 ± 0.14, and 1.1 ± 0.11 cm, respectively. The mean diameters of the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries were 1.38 ± 0.09, 1.07 ± 0.26, and 0.98 ± 0.13 cm and the diameters of right, left, and common inferior pulmonary veins were 0.97 ± 0.20, 0.76 ± 0.20, and 1.99 ± 0.26 cm, respectively. The mean lung volume was 820.3 ± 77.11 mL. The data presented in this study suggest that the MDCT may be a noninvasive, rapid, and accurate investigational method for pulmonary anatomy in living lung donors. 相似文献
98.
Effect of silicon on growth and salinity stress of soybean plant grown under hydroponic system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silicon (Si) is abundant in the soil, yet its role in plant biology has been poorly understood. The role of Si in soybean growth and its effectiveness in salt stress alleviation was investigated. Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) was given as Si source to hydroponically grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The plant growth attributes, i.e. plant height, plant fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll contents and endogenous gibberellins (GAs) level improved with 2.5 mM Si, while endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and free proline contents were not affected as compared to control. Sodium chloride (NaCl) significantly decreased growth attributes and endogenous gibberellins levels but markedly enhanced ABA and proline contents of soybean leaves. An addition of Si to salt stressed plants substantially alleviated the adverse effects of NaCl on growth, as it enhanced endogenous gibberellins, while reduced the levels of ABA and proline. GAs analysis of soybean leaves also showed that both early C13 hydroxylation and non C13 hydroxylation pathways of gibberellin biosynthesis were operating in soybean. The major GA biosynthesis pathway was identified as non C13 hydroxylation, which led to the formation of bioactive GA4. Current study suggests that Si application alleviates the detrimental effect of salinity stress on growth and development of soybean. 相似文献
99.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide exposures on mucous cells and lysozymes of gill tissues of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaeceus 下载免费PDF全文
We investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide on mucous cells and lysozymes in gill tissue of olive flounder. Morphological analysis revealed significant changes in the number of mucous cells after exposure to 300 and 500 mg L ? 1 hydrogen peroxide; however, there was no detectable difference in the 100 mg L ? 1 group. Lysozyme activities declined gradually in the gill mucus, but in contrast activities in serum increased significantly following the completion of treatment. The hepatic c‐ and g‐type lysozyme levels showed significant responses, indicating that the liver is a major lysozyme producer in response to stress condition; however, in the head kidney, there were no significant changes in the g‐type lysozyme level in all the groups, while the only detectable difference with the c‐type gene in the 300 mg L ? 1. While the treatments showed no significant changes compared with the control for either branchial lysozyme, there were significant differences in c‐type lysozyme between the 3rd treatment and 5 day. Taken together, our data indicate that hydrogen peroxide treatment may lead to modulation of the innate immune response of olive flounder; therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide in a field system will require more attention to dose and timing effects. 相似文献
100.
VP Dia T Gomez G Vernaza M Berhow YK Chang EG de Mejia 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(32):7886-7894
Soybean contains constituents that have antinutritional and bioactive properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis and germination can enhance the biological activity of these compounds in soybean. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of germination, Alcalase (protease) hydrolysis, and their combination on the concentrations of antinutritional and bioactive compounds in Brazilian soybean cultivar BRS 133. A combination of germination and Alcalase hydrolysis resulted in the degradation of Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), and lunasin by 96.9, 97.8, and 38.4%. Lectin was not affected by any of the processing treatments when compared to nongerminated and nonhydrolyzed soy protein extract. Total isoflavones (ISF) and total saponins (SAP) increased by 16.2 and 28.7%, respectively, after 18 h of germination, while Alcalase hydrolysis led to the reduction of these compounds. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of BBI and KTI, BBI and lunasin, BBI and ISF, KTI and lunasin, KTI and ISF, KTI and SAP, lunasin and ISF, and ISF and SAP. Germination and Alcalase hydrolysis interacted in reducing BBI, ISF, and SAP. This study presents a process of preparing soy flour ingredients with lower concentrations of antinutritional factors and with biologically active constituents, important for the promotion of health associated with soybean consumption. In conclusion, 18 h of germination and 3 h of Alcalase hydrolysis is recommended for elimination of protease inhibitors, while bioactives are maintained by at least 50% of their original concentrations. 相似文献