用紫外分光光度法直接测定蔬菜中维生素C的含量

根据Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在室温下催化氧化Ｖ－Ｃ的原理［１］，在ｐＨ６，测定吸收波长为２６７ｎｍ处，用紫外分光光度法直接测定蔬菜中的Ｖ－Ｃ含量，与常规方法比较，结果基本一致．而且这一方法具有快速、稳定、试剂易得、易保存等特点．     

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.     

苹果叶盘法基因转化中抗生素种类和浓度的筛选

以苹果品种嘠拉试管苗为试材，研究了卡那霉素（Km）、潮霉素（Hm）对继代苗生长和离体叶片再生的影响，以确定叶盘法基因转化的选择压和转化体的筛选浓度以确定苹果叶盘法基因转化中的选择压和抗性芽的筛选浓度；同时研究了不同浓度的头孢霉素（Cef）和羧苄青霉素（Carb）对苹果离体叶片再生的影响及对农杆菌EHA105和LBA4404的抑菌效果，以确定苹果叶盘法基因转化中合适的抑菌抗生素种类和浓度；以确定侵菌共培养后合适的抑菌抗生素种类和浓度。。结果证明表明：Km卡那霉素10mg/L、Hm4.0 mg/L完全抑制了叶片不定芽的分化，可作为苹果叶盘法转化时抗性芽的选择压； 在Km 50mg/L、Hm5.0 mg/L达到继代苗的半致死浓度，可作为基因转化后抗性芽苗的筛选浓度，10mg/L时完全抑制供试叶片不定芽的分化。；由于抗性芽再生的选择压与抗性苗筛选浓度相差较小，Hm相对于Km更适合作为苹果基因转化的选择标记；培养基中附加潮霉素的浓度为5mg/l继代苗不再分化生长，作为基因转化后抗性芽的筛选浓度，2.0mg/L时完全抑制供试叶片不定芽的再生，作为基因转化后抗性芽的筛选浓度。头孢青霉素在Cef 300mg/L时就能完全抑制农杆菌生长，对叶片不定芽的再生影响不大；而附加Carb羧苄青霉素则需400mg/L以上时才能抑制农杆菌LBA4404的生长，同时严重抑制了叶片再生。因此，宜选用Cef作为苹果基因转化的抑菌抗生素。     

糖甜菜定域育种初步研究

试验结果表明，甜菜单粒种采种母根主、侧花枝种子的块根产量、含糖率不同。单粒种根头周边芽所形成的花枝种子比根头中央部芽的花枝种子所产生的块根含糖率高0．79-2．45度，表现趋势较一致；但主、侧花枝种子的块根产量高低表现趋势不一致。为提高含糖率，此方法可在甜菜单粒型品系育种中应用。     

Efficiencies of ryegrass and white clover herbage utilization in mixtures continuously grazed by sheep

A method for measuring the growth, senescence and defoliation fluxes in a mixture consisting of alternate rows of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) was used to calculate the actual and potential efficiencies of grass and clover utilization under continuous sheep grazing. White clover contributed relatively more to the growth than to the herbage mass of the mixture and its relative growth rate was usually significantly greater than that of its companion grass. The primary reason for the greater potential efficiency of herbage use of the white clover component was, however, its lower rate of senescence. Greater potential efficiency was not reflected in a greater actual efficiency because the contribution of white clover to the total herbage removed was always smaller than its contribution to the growth flux of the mixture. Despite the commonly assumed sheep preference for white clover, the legume was usually the least defoliated species, presumably because of the lower surface height of white clover compared with grass, which resulted in a lower vertical availability of white clover, thereby restricting its defoliation rate. The positive net herbage accumulation observed with white clover at a constant sward surface height occurred partly through stolon and bud development and partly through the growth of undefoliated leaves from axillary growing points and contributed to a net herbage accumulation per unit dry weight in white clover greater than that in ryegrass. This resulted in an increase in the white clover content of the sward, which was observed independently by destructive measurements.     

水稻粒宽突变体gw4的鉴定与基因定位

[目的]水稻粒形是影响水稻产量和决定稻米外观品质的主要性状之一.筛选和鉴定新的粒形突变材料,可为研究水稻籽粒发育的调控机制奠定基础.[方法]粳稻品种中花11经1％的EMS处理,在诱变群体中获得一份窄粒突变体gw4(grain width on chromosome 4);分析粒形和其他主要农艺性状,在扫描电镜下观察颖壳...     

Effect of Bio-stimulants on Yield and Quality of Head Lettuce Grown Under Two Sources of Nitrogen

Biostimulants may enhance the yield and improve crop quality. Scientific reports, however, are still scarce, particularly for the intensive vegetable production area in Egypt. Therefore two field experiments were carried out in the two consecutive seasons in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The field trials were performed in sandy soil in the vegetable production in the, area, Giza Governorate (Centre of Egypt). The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of two bio-stimulants for reducing the nitrate content and improving the commercial quality of head lettuce. This study was arranged in a split plot experiment in three replications. The treatments included two nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) as main plot and two bio-stimulants (FZB24® and Actiwave®) as sub-plot. The criteria measured were fresh and dry weights of leaves, number of leaves, yield and the contents of nitrogen, nitrate total sugars as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Results obtained showed that regardless of the nitrogen source, the FZB 24 and Actiwave at both rates significantly increased the leaf number, fresh and dry weights of leaves and the total yield. The highest contents of chlorophyll, total sugars, carotenoids and lower nitrate contents were found in lettuce leaves treated with FZB 24 and Actiwave at the increased rates. The nitrogen source application did not affect the fresh and dry weight of leaves, the yield, the total sugars and chlorophyll contents. Whereas, ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source significantly increased the leaf number and decreased the nitrate content. Biostimulants exerted a positive role with regard to yield and quality of head lettuce.     

Evidence from the use of isozyme markers of competition in swards between short-leaved and long-leaved perennial ryegrass

Intraspecific competition in Lolium perenne was studied using a replacement series of a short-leaved and a long-leaved genotype that was managed under different cutting frequencies and nitrogen supplies. Leaf length, tiller density and yield were recorded 6 months after sowing. Since the two competitors were labelled at the PG1/2 locus, it was possible to identify unambiguously the origin of tillers in the mixtures and to estimate the average length of lamina of each genotype. The difference in leaf length between the two competitors was maintained under particular types of management and generated contrasting competitive abilities leading to evolution of the genotypic composition of the mixtures. Thus, under infrequent cutting, competition for light resulted in the domination of the long-leaved genotype and in a concomitant intragenotypic selection for leaf length. Supplying nitrogen fertilizer emphasized the phenotypic plasticity of the genotypes, particularly of the dominated one. Frequent cutting reduced competition for light and the change towards the short-leaved genotype was far less rapid. The yielding and competitive abilities of ryegrass genotypes and the implications for breeding are briefly discussed.     

三北防护林新无性系-美青杂种系列引进与苗期选择

１９９８年春从中国林科院的实验点甘肃临夏回族自治州林科所引入北方型美洲黑杨（Ｐ．ｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ）×青杨（Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａ）杂种无性系　１３７个,扦插在内蒙奈曼旗兴隆沼林场二分场。１９９８年秋选出　１３个无性系,加入我地区新近确定的推广无性系──白城　４１作对照,１９９９年建无性系测试圃,２０００年春平茬,２０００年秋对这　１３个无性系生长量和抗性的调查与评价,以白城　４１为对照,初步选择出　１０个无性系,高生长较对照大　３０％以上的有　４个,２０％以上　５个;径生长大　５０％的　３个,３０％以上　２个,２０％以上　４个;所有无性系的抗锈病情况都好于对照。为丰富三北地区营造杨树农田防护林品种和改善三北地区杨树品种单一的问题有望选出新无性系。