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911.
指出了GIS在水资源管理中缺乏专业模型支持的缺陷,结合迁安市水资源评价,阐述了基于ArcGIS的水资源评价系统开发的环境、模式等关键技术,构建了以ArcGIS ArcObjects组建库为平台,耦合图层编辑、空间分析、专题图制作等GIS通用功能和降水分析、资源量评价等专业应用功能为一体的水资源评价系统。 相似文献
912.
马铃薯片红外加热灭酶脱水试验及动力学 总被引:2,自引:6,他引:2
该文研究了生产低油薯片的一种前处理工艺,并为后续的油炸工艺提供基础。试验考察了辐射距离、样品厚度、处理时间等工艺参数对马铃薯片水分比(moisture rate,MR)、脱水速率、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)相对残留活性、颜色等指标的影响,并进行了酶钝化动力学模型的研究。试验证明,辐射距离由15.5 cm减少到9.5 cm,样品厚度1.3 mm减少到0.8 mm时,马铃薯片最大脱水速率由0.24 g,(g·s)增加到0.59 g(g·s),PPO失活递减时间从364 s减少到152 s,色差值△E由5.26减少到1.66,,因此,马铃薯片红外处理应尽量采取高温短时处理。一级动力学模型能较好地预测加工过程中马铃薯片PPO失活情况(R~2=0.926~0.988)。PPO相对残留活性低于10%时,马铃薯片的湿基含水率由初始的77.71%降至44.58%~62.04%,预示着灭酶的同时脱除部分水分。后续油炸试验时,可选辐射距离为9.5 cm,处理厚度分别为0.8和1 mm,相应的处理时间为150和180 s时,这可得到较高品质的产品,其中PPO相对残留活性分别为8.51%和2.44%,最终湿基含水率为55.44和61.49,色差值△E为1.66和2.24。研究结果为后续油炸试验前处理工艺提供了参考。 相似文献
913.
不同间伐方式对密植苹果园生理生态的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了选择最适宜黄土高原成龄‘红富士’苹果郁闭园采用的间伐方式,本文以18年生‘红富士’苹果树为试验材料,研究了隔行间伐(T1)、隔株间伐(T2)、隔2伐1(T3)等3种间伐方式对‘红富士’果园光照分布、叶片质量、叶片结构、果实分布、品质、产量及效益等的影响。结果表明:与未间伐对照(CK)相比,T1、T2和T3间伐方式株间透光率分别提高108.59%、191.98%和57.45%,行间透光率分别提高259.20%、220.11%和64.86%,冠下透光率分别提高102.80%、155.32%和37.43%,树冠光合有效辐射分别提高38.02%、45.18%和18.43%,单果重分别提高25.03%、34.83%和9.81%,着色指数分别提高6.00%、6.26%和3.30%,可溶性糖含量分别提高35.98%、39.14%和22.98%,果皮花青苷含量分别提高104.41%、101.47%和30.88%,可滴定酸含量分别降低15.38%、23.08%和17.95%。间伐有效改善了叶片的质量与结构,T1和T2显著提高了叶片的厚度、叶绿素含量、氮含量和钾含量;T2提高叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的幅度最大;T2的叶片栅栏组织较其他处理的排列更整齐紧密。T1、T2及T3每公顷产量分别下降7 601.89 kg、5 219.45 kg及6 056.80 kg,但其产值分别增加14 959.54元、34 363.70元及9 081.13元,T2增加幅度最大,是郁闭果园改造的首选间伐方式。 相似文献
914.
ABSTRACT Plant density and nitrogen (N) input level have notable effects on root development, distribution in the soil profile, and in turn, N-uptake of winter wheat. Our study objectives were to identify whether a high yield can be maintained with a reduced N input by increasing plant density. Field studies were conducted during four successive seasons (2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018) using a widely planted cultivar, Tainong18. Two regimes of N fertilization (180 kg ha?1 and 240 kg ha?1) and three planting densities (135, 270, and 405 plants per m2) were used. Higher plant density led to increased root length density (RLD) and enhanced N uptake from the whole soil profile. The RLD in the soil profile at 0–1.2 m, 0–0.4 m, and 0.4–0.8 m decreased while in the 0.8–1.2 m layer it increased in response to reduced N input. The combined effects of higher plant density and lower N input resulted in reduced N uptake, a lower nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), unchanged grain yield, and improved N use efficiency. In conclusion, it is possible and sustainable to maintain a high wheat yield with reduced N input by increasing plant density. 相似文献
915.
Improvement of table grapes quality and safety by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and eugenol, menthol, or thymol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valverde JM Guillén F Martínez-Romero D Castillo S Serrano M Valero D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7458-7464
Table grape is a nonclimacteric fruit that shows a rapid loss of quality during storage and is very susceptible to colonization by fungi, especially Botrytis cinerea, which is considered the most important disease of this commodity. To solve this problem, synthetic fungicides have been used, although legal restrictions and consumer's concern demand the search of other safe means. In the present paper, and as an alternative of synthetic fungicides, an active packaging to improve MAP effectiveness on preserving table grape (cv. Crimson Seedless) quality and safety was developed by the addition of 0.5 mL of eugenol, thymol, or menthol inside the packages. Packages were stored at 1 degree C for 35 days. The final gas composition inside the packages was 1.4-2.0 and 10.0-14.5 kPa of CO(2) and O(2), respectively, with no significant slight differences among treatments. Results showed that the addition of eugenol, thymol, or menthol improved the beneficial effect of MAP in terms of delaying weight loss and color changes, retarding degrees Brix/acidity ratio evolution, and maintaining of firmness. Thereafter, these treatments showed additional benefit in terms of delayed rates of rachis deterioration and berry decay. Finally, the total viable counts for both mesophilic aerobics and especially yeast and molds were significantly reduced in the grapes packaged with the natural antimicrobial compounds. All of the above effects led to maintenance of table grape quality and safety for longer storage periods (3 additional weeks as compared to controls under MAP only). 相似文献
916.
Species-specific DNA-based tags are valuable tools for the management of both fisheries and commercial fish products. In this study, we have developed a two-step molecular tool to detect the presence of hake DNA (Merluccius spp.) and to identify the exact hake species present in an blind sample. The first test involves PCR amplification of an ITS1-rDNA fragment of 193 bp using nested primers that are interspecifically conserved in Merluccius spp. and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. The second test consists of the PCR amplification of a 602-659 bp DNA fragment spanning part of the ribosomal cluster 18S-ITS1-5.8S and digesting it with four restriction enzymes whose targets map at interspecifically nonconserved sites of the ITS1. Alternatively, the identification of hake species can be achieved by FINS or BLAST, using the nucleotide sequence of either the whole ITS1 sequence or its nested fragment of 193 bp. Because of their high reproducibility and ease of execution, these procedures allow for routine analysis and constitute high reliable tools for the rapid identification of 12 species of hake. 相似文献
917.
Iglesias MT De Lorenzo C Del Carmen Polo M Martín-Alvarez PJ Pueyo E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):84-89
With the aim of finding methods that could constitute a solid alternative to melissopalynological and physicochemical analyses to determine the botanical origin (floral or honeydew) of honeys, the free amino acid content of 46 honey samples has been determined. The honeys were collected in a small geographic area of approximately 2000 km(2) in central Spain. Twenty-seven honey samples were classified as floral and 19 as honeydew according to their palynological and physicochemical analyses. The resulting data have been subjected to different multivariant analysis techniques. One hundred percent of honey samples have been correctly classified into either the floral or the honeydew groups, according to their content in glutamic acid and tryptophan. It is concluded that free amino acids are good indicators of the botanical origin of honeys, saving time compared with more tedious analyses. 相似文献
918.
Villaverde J Morillo E Pérez-Martínez JI Ginés JM Maqueda C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(4):864-869
The formulation of inclusion complexes of the herbicide norflurazon as guest and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) as host has been studied as a first step in the use of cyclodextrins to obtain improved formulations of this herbicide. The interaction of norflurazon with beta-CD produced the formation of an inclusion complex in solution and in solid state. The inclusion of norflurazon in beta-CD in solution was studied by phase solubility, and an apparent stability constant of 360 M(-)(1), a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for the complex, and up to 5-fold increase in norflurazon solubility were determined. Three processing methods (kneading, spray drying and vacuum evaporation) were used to prepare norflurazon-beta-CD solid inclusion complexes. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to study the solid complexes. From the different solid systems, an increase of norflurazon aqueous dissolution rate was obtained in comparison to the uncomplexed herbicide. This finding is a first step to obtain controlled release and/or protective formulations of norflurazon, which allow a more rational application of norflurazon, diminishing the use of organic solvents and increasing its efficacy. 相似文献
919.
Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of the pH and Heavy Metals in a Soil Polluted by Mine Spill. Post Cleaning Effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rafaela Ordóñez Fernandez Juan Vicente Giráldez Cervera Karl Vanderlinden Rosa Carbonell Bojollo Pedro González Fernández 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,178(1-4):229-243
The bursting of the mining dam of Aznalcollar (Seville, Spain) triggered an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the river Guadiamar valley as a result of the leaching of the pyritic sludge deposited on them. After the cleaning operations which included, as well as mechanical clearing, the addition of different amendments, some areas with residual sludge remained, from which some heavy metals are being mobilized by the cyclical recharge and discharge processes of water in the profiles. This paper analyzes the effect of the soil recovery operations and the climatology on the concentration of metals and their distribution in the soil profile in an area affected by the toxic spill. Fourteen points have been selected in a plot in which acidity persists, there is no vegetation, and residual sludge stains can be seen at a glance. The temporal and spatial evolution of the extractable metals: Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn, the pH and the oxidable fraction has been measured in-depth. The results obtained up to now indicate a leaching of the pollutant towards deeper horizons, finding, at a depth of 757 cm, pH values of 3.5 and very high Fe and Mn concentrations available, especially in the profiles with large sized pores, with a big fraction of sand. On the surface, seasonally, there are low pH values of around 2.5 and extractable Fe contents of over 4000 ppm, which might have an influence on the quality of surface runoff or underground water. 相似文献
920.
The marine carotenoid fucoxanthin can be found in marine brown seaweeds, the macroalgae, and diatoms, the microalgae, and has remarkable biological properties. Numerous studies have shown that fucoxanthin has considerable potential and promising applications in human health. In this article, we review the current available scientific literature regarding the metabolism, safety, and bioactivities of fucoxanthin, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obese, antidiabetic, antiangiogenic and antimalarial activities, and its protective effects on the liver, blood vessels of the brain, bones, skin, and eyes. Although some studies have shown the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in brown seaweeds to be low in humans, many studies have suggested that a dietary combination of fucoxanthin and edible oil or lipid could increase the absorption rate of fucoxanthin, and thus it might be a promising marine drug. 相似文献