3个品种梨香气感官品质与挥发性物质关联分析

为探究梨果皮挥发性物质和感官属性之间的潜在联系,为梨的风味品质育种和采后贮藏等提供理论支持,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定库尔勒香梨（Pyrus sinkiangensis）、雪花梨（P. bretschneideri）及黄冠梨（P. bretschneideri）果皮挥发性物质;组建15人的感官评价小组对3个品种梨果实香气品质进行快闪剖面分析;并进行感官评分与挥发性物质的相关性分析。结果显示：3个品种梨果实中分别检测到50、48和37种挥发性物质,且均以醛类、萜烯类和脂肪酸类为主,占总挥发性物质的85%左右;库尔勒香梨以脂肪酸类及醛类含量占优,雪花梨以萜烯类含量占优,黄冠梨中各类物质含量均为最低。3个品种梨果实中属性强度最高的均为果香,属性强度最低的则为酸味;库尔勒香梨中,仅甜香属性显著高于雪花梨,而除莲雾味外的其他香气属性均显著高于黄冠梨。感官评分与挥发性物质的相关性分析表明,戊二酸二甲酯、丁香酚、2-十一烯醛、2-乙基-3-羟基己基-2-甲基丙酸酯、3-亚甲基-1-氧代螺环［4.5］癸-2-酮等8种挥发性物质的含量与花香、青草香和果香等多种感官属性的评分呈显著正相关。感官评价和代谢物的关联分析有助于解析影响梨果实风味的关键化合物。     

白柿在广东地区的引种表现及栽培技术

【目的】研究小生境下园林绿化植物叶际细菌群落结构及其多样性,了解小生境下相似环境条件 与植物自身特性对微生物群落的影响,为园林植物的健康管理及叶际细菌资源的挖掘提供参考。【方法】应用 高通量测序技术,探究大理大学校园 50 m 半径圆内朝向东边的 3 种主要园林植物 （枇杷树 Eriobotyra japonica、 广玉兰 Magnolia grandifl ora 和大青树 Ficus altissima）的叶际细菌群落结构及其多样性。【结果】 3 种园林植 物的叶际细菌多样性从高到低依次为枇杷树、广玉兰和大青树;不同植物的叶际细菌优势门类均为变形菌门 （Proteobacteria）,第一优势细菌属不同,但排名前五的细菌属均为鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）、甲基杆 菌属（Methylobacterium）、螺状菌属（Spirosoma）、薄层菌属（Hymenobacter）和无色菌属（Achromobacter）。 3 种植物的叶际细菌群落结构存在较大差异,但同一植物不同大小叶片间的细菌群落相似,其中,仅在枇杷树和 广玉兰叶片上分布的细菌群落门和属最多,表明常绿阔叶植物的叶际细菌群落相较于落叶阔叶植物更多样、复杂。 【结论】不同园林植物的叶际细菌群落组成和多样性存在较大差异, 植物自身特性是造成这种差异的首要原因, 植物叶际细菌 资源的挖掘有待加强。     

一株海南菌草“绿洲一号”内生细菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

【目的】探究汕尾市畜禽粪污土地承载力现状,为当地开展种养结合、合理发展畜禽养殖规模提 供理论基础。【方法】根据《汕尾统计年鉴》的数据,对汕尾市 2017—2020 年畜禽粪污养分供应量、农作物粪 肥养分需求量以及土地承载力进行测算。【结果】2017—2020 年,汕尾市畜禽存栏量由 66.41 万头猪当量增加到 87.89 万头猪当量,其中 2020 年海丰县和陆丰市的养殖规模与前 3 年相比有较大增长;按汕尾市农作物氮、磷 养分需求总量折算的畜禽粪肥量分别由 1.52 万、0.36 万 t 增长到 1.76 万、0.41 万 t。在此期间,汕尾市畜禽养殖 所能提供的畜禽粪肥氮、磷供应量分别由 0.46 万、0.08 万 t 增加到 0.62 万、0.11 万 t;以氮、磷为基准的畜禽粪 污土地承载力指数分别为 0.30~0.35 和 0.22~0.26。【结论】汕尾市整体的畜禽养殖规模仍有较大发展潜力,汕尾 市农业部门在规划畜禽养殖业的未来发展时可根据各个区、县（市）的土地承载力情况进行相应调整。     

Use of sewage sludge in silvopastoral systems under Pinus radiata D. Don: soil,tree growth,and pasture production

Agroforestry Systems - Short-term production in silvopastoral systems is often limited due to inappropriate soil-fertility management. Sewage sludge fertilisation could enhance productivity of...     

Do different densities of tree cover affect pasture biomass and soil microbial communities?

Agroforestry Systems - Soil biota is considered a crucial component of soil health. Currently, the soil microbiota and its genomic material (microbiome) have received increasing attention due to...     

Nitrogen loading of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings: nutritional dynamics and influence on morphology and root growth potential

New Forests - Achieving successful outplanting of trees on increasingly harsher sites is a global concern. In Chile, for example, new Eucalyptus globulus plantations are being targeted to poorer,...     

Vegetation restoration is associated with increasing forest width

New Forests - Monitoring and assessment reveal important information about restoration areas and can also be useful for understanding ecological processes such as succession and species-area...     

Seed development of Araucaria angustifolia: plant hormones and germinability in 2 years of seeds production

New Forests - During seed development, plant hormones are involved in processes such as the accumulation of reserves, cellular activity and physiological responses. The present study aimed to...     

Genetic and functional leaf traits variability of Quercus laurina along an oak diversity gradient in Mexico

The ecological literature has documented the effects of plant hybridization on phenotypic variation, and dominant, intermediate, or novel morphological, chemical and physiological traits in hybrids. It is important to understand the ecological consequences of hybridization by evaluating their impact on phenotypic expression of functional traits. We evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity of Quercus laurina and functional foliar traits along an oak diversity gradient. We selected five study sites that represent an oak diversity gradient where Q. laurina is present. Using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites, we evaluated genetic diversity, measured functional foliar traits of Q. laurina in each site and assessed the effects of local climate variables on the oak community and functional traits. We found a greater abundance of Q. laurina in all study sites. We did not find a relationship between the number of accompanying red oak species and the population genetic diversity in Q. laurina, but higher genetic diversity was found in all study sites in comparison with European oak species. Sites with more oak species had more variation of foliar functional traits. Our results do not support the hypothesis that predicts higher levels of genetic diversity of Q. laurina in communities with greater oak diversity from the same section, but we demonstrated an increase in the foliar functional traits of Q. laurina associated with oak richness and climate variables. We highlight the need to consider environmental and ecological variables linkages as regulatory mechanisms of the phenotypic plasticity expressed in changes of some functional attributes of oaks.

     

Thinning decreased soil respiration differently in two dryland Mediterranean forests with contrasted soil temperature and humidity regimes

The effects of a thinning treatment on soil respiration (Rs) were analysed in two dryland forest types with a Mediterranean climate in east Spain: a dry subhumid holm oak forest (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) in La Hunde; a semiarid postfire regenerated Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forest in Sierra Calderona. Two twin plots were established at each site: one was thinned and the other was the control. Rs, soil humidity and temperature were measured regularly in the field at nine points per plot distributed into three blocks along the slope for 3 years at HU and for 2 years at CA after forest treatment. Soil heterotrophic activity was measured in laboratory on soil samples obtained bimonthly from December 2012 to June 2013 at the HU site. Seasonal Rs distribution gave low values in winter, began to increase in spring before lowering as soil dried in summer. This scenario indicates that with a semiarid climate, soil respiration is controlled by both soil humidity and soil temperature. Throughout the study period, the mean Rs value in the HU C plot was 13% higher than at HU T, and was 26% higher at CA C than the corresponding CA T plot value, being the differences significantly higher in control plots during active growing periods. Soil microclimatic variables explain the biggest proportion of variability for Rs: soil temperature explained 24.1% of total variability for Rs in the dry subhumid forest; soil humidity accounted for 24.6% of total variability for Rs in the semiarid forest. As Mediterranean climates are characterised by wide interannual variability, Rs showed considerable variability over the years, which can mask the effect caused by thinning treatment.