防止三层实木复合地板面层开裂的措施

分析了三层实木复合地板在生产和使用过程中面层开裂的原因,并提出了相应的改进措施,为企业改进生产工艺,提高三层实木复合地板产品质量提供参考.     

实验田4年生转基因毛白杨嫁接苗和自根苗安全性研究

目的 对种植于天津滨海的自根苗转AhDREB1基因毛白杨（（Populus tomentosa × P. bolleana） × P. tomentosa）以及种植于沧州盐山的嫁接苗转基因株系进行安全性研究,评估转基因毛白杨对环境可能造成的影响。 方法 利用PCR扩增以及电泳技术,对种植在天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田的4年生转基因毛白杨基因组DNA、土壤DNA、沧州嫁接苗砧木DNA以及抗性微生物基因组DNA进行PCR特异性检测。对天津实验田土壤中根际微生物数量进行连续动态监测（3月、4月、5月）。分别在天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田模拟自然条件下转基因毛白杨植株枯落物掉落,检测不同生长阶段的不同器官（新生嫩芽、多年生枝条、新生根尖、多年生侧根、新生嫩叶、当年生老叶）的降解时间。通过化感实验,检测天津滨海和沧州盐山实验田转基因毛白杨植株叶片对白菜（Brassica pekinensis）种子的生长是否造成影响。 结果 电泳结果显示：外源基因稳定存在于转基因毛白杨基因组中,实验田土壤DNA、抗性微生物DNA样品以及沧州嫁接苗砧木DNA中均未出现目的基因片段;天津非转基因植株和转基因植株的根际土壤中可培养微生物数量没有显著差异;转基因毛白杨的枯落物,无论是飘落在杂草表面、土壤表面还是埋入土壤,2个月后外源基因均被降解。化感实验结果显示：非转基因植株以及转基因植株对白菜种子的胚轴和胚根生长的影响没有显著差异。 结论 未发现实验田种植4 a的转基因毛白杨对周围的环境造成影响。     

Basis and monitoring of methoxyfenozide resistance in the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is heavily targeted by insecticide applications. Methoxyfenozide is highly effective against T. absoluta with reduced side effects to natural enemies. This work aimed to (1) genetically and biochemically characterize resistance of the T. absoluta GBN population to methoxyfenozide, (2) establish cross resistance profiles with other insecticide groups and (3) monitor resistance in populations with the goal of improving T. absoluta insecticide resistance management (IRM). Methoxyfenozide resistance was completely recessive, polyfactorial and autosomal. Effective dominance revealed that 10 mg methoxyfenozide/L would be enough to eliminate susceptible homozygotes and heterozygotes, thus used to diagnose resistance in field populations. The synergism of methoxyfenozide toxicity in the resistant population for PBO (SR?=?95×), DEF (SR?=?51×) and DEM (SR?=?45×), suggested monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione S-transferases as resistance mechanisms. However, only monooxygenase activity appeared to be involved in methoxyfenozide resistance. Resistance ratio for methoxyfenozide (2352-fold) after selection and cross-resistance ratios of a lab-selected GBN strain (“GBN-Sel”) were significant relative to a susceptible strain “JDR1-Sus” for tebufenozide (656-fold), cartap hydrochloride (10.68-fold), deltamethrin (4.70-fold), abamectin (2.65-fold), lufenuron (2.22-fold) and indoxacarb (1.92-fold), with negative cross-resistance to spinetoram (0.32-fold). Evidence of control failures was observed in 10 field populations of T. absoluta (mortalities between 13 and 76%), and all populations showed frequencies of resistant phenotypes (percentage survivorship ranging between 4 and 96%). A rational basis for managing resistance to bisacylhydrazines is discussed, along with details of recommended T. absoluta resistance management tactics.

     

Essential oils-based repellents for the management of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Journal of Pest Science - Aphids are one of the major agricultural pests in the world. Their pest management in pepper greenhouses is based on integrated control with release of natural enemies and...     

Resistance to amitraz in the parasitic honey bee mite Varroa destructor is associated with mutations in the β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor

Varroa destructor is considered a major reason for high loss rate of Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. To prevent colony losses caused by V. destructor, it is necessary to actively manage the mite population. Beekeepers, particularly commercial beekeepers, have few alternative treatments other than synthetic acaricides to control the parasite, resulting in intensive treatment regimens that led to the evolution of resistance in mite populations. To investigate the mechanism of the resistance to amitraz detected in V. destructor mites from French and U.S. apiaries, we identified and characterized octopamine and tyramine receptors (the known targets of amitraz) in this species. The comparison of sequences obtained from mites collected from different apiaries with different treatment regimens, showed that the amino acid substitutions N87S or Y215H in the OctβR were associated with treatment failures reported in French or U.S. apiaries, respectively. Based on our findings, we have developed and tested two high throughput diagnostic assays based on TaqMan technology able to accurately detect mites carrying the mutations in this receptor. This valuable information may be of help for beekeepers when selecting the most suitable acaricide to manage V. destructor.

     

Enhancing Pinus pinea cone production by grafting in a non-native habitat

New Forests - Pinus pinea is an interesting species for its valued pine nuts. Despite the high demand for this nut, the species is mostly harvested from natural forests, because the time elapsed...     

Global genotype by environment trends in growth traits for Eucalyptus dunnii

New Forests - Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden (Dunn’s white gum) is a fast-growing tall tree with a restricted natural distribution in south-east Australia and favorable wood properties for pulp...     

Mini‐cutting technique application in Corymbia and Eucalyptus: effects of mini‐tunnel use across seasons of the year

New Forests - The forestry sector has been able to sustainably satisfy the increasing global demand for forest products, thereby positively impacting the economy, while mitigating climate change....     

Simulating the canopy photosynthesis of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) in the Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China

New Forests - Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forests play a key role in the carbon sequestration in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China. Carbon sequestration is closely related to...