1-methylcyclopropene increases storability and shelf life in climacteric and nonclimacteric plums

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at three different doses (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 microL L(-1)) on the ripening processes of a climacteric, cv. Santa Rosa, and a suppressed climacteric type, cv. Golden Japan, plum was studied. For both cultivars, positive effects were observed in terms of inhibition of ethylene production and delays of the physical, chemical, and biochemical changes associated with ripening. 1-MCP-treated plums were firmer with lower weight loss, reduced degrees Brix/titratable acidity ratios, and lower color changes during cold storage and subsequent shelf life at 20 degrees C than controls. For most factors, the effectiveness of 1-MCP was dose-dependent in Santa Rosa but dose-independent for Golden Japan.     

工程塑料泵叶轮强度计算

针对目前广泛使用的工程塑料泵叶轮，对叶片和盖板进行受力分析，得出不同比转数叶轮叶片所对应的系数k1。根据简化模型并应用轮盘理论，详细推导了塑料泵叶轮强度计算公式。结合应用实例，对几种常用工程塑料泵叶片和盖板的强度进行了校核。计算和分析表明：工程塑料中，UHMWPE和PP的部分牌号可以满足强度要求；而PPO和PVDF由于性能优良，可以满足强度要求，从而为泵用工程塑料的选择和使用提供了理论依据。     

基于CT数字图像的土壤孔隙分形特征研究

通过CT扫描获得了河南封丘地区3种不同质地潮土样本的高精度图像,利用数字图像分析方法识别出土壤孔隙及其轮廓线,然后用计盒法确定了表征土壤孔隙形态不规则性的分形维数.在此基础上,通过不同形式的分形模型预测了土壤水分特征曲线.结果表明,河南封丘地区不同质地潮土的孔隙分形维数(包括面积和轮廓线分维)差异不明显;预测水分特征曲线时,针对不同质地的土壤选择适宜的分形模型才能得到较好的模拟结果.     

不同施氮量对水稻氮素吸收与分配的影响

运用15N示踪法研究了不同施氮量对两个品种水稻（4007和武运粳15）干物质积累量与其对15N吸收及分配的影响。结果表明,当施氮量超过N 150 kg/hm2时, 两个品种水稻子粒产量均不再显著增加。4007在4个施氮量下(N 100,150,200和 250 kg/hm2)分别比无氮区增产22.3%,36.9%,43.2%和38.1%;武运粳15分别增产10.6%,18.8%,27.1%和21.5%。同一施氮量下,4007子粒中15N累积量显著高于武运粳15,但茎叶和根中没有差异。增加施氮量降低了15N在水稻子粒中的分配比例,但提高了茎叶中15N的分配比例。15N在根中的分配比例不受施氮量和品种的影响。研究结果还表明,同一施氮量下,4007对肥料氮的总体利用率要比武运粳15高3～6个百分点。     

Effects of fragmentation on pollinator assemblage, pollen limitation and seed production of Mediterranean myrtle (Myrtus communis)

Pollinator assemblages may shift as a consequence of the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. The scarcity of mates and pollinators can lead plant populations to suffer from pollen limitation and a decrease in reproductive performance within fragmented areas. We studied the shift in pollinator assemblages along with pollen limitation and seed production patterns in the Mediterranean shrub Myrtus communis. Our study included six populations contrasting in patch and population size (Large vs. Small) within a fragmented landscape characterized by ∼1% of potential forest coverage. The breeding system in Myrtus communis was self-compatible, but compared with natural pollination, fruit set increased with pollen addition (quantity limited), and seed set (brood size) increased with outcross pollen addition (quality limited). While the pollinator assemblage in Large patches was taxonomically diverse, it was almost monopolized by honeybees in Small patches, where visitation rates were highest and wild bee species were almost absent. In general, Small populations were less pollen limited for fruit set than Large populations, particularly those that received the highest rates of honeybee visits. However, despite differences in fragmentation and pollinators between Large and Small populations, seed production patterns (brood size and seed mass) were rather similar among them, in agreement with similar pollen limitation levels found for brood size. A higher susceptibility of native pollinators to the presence of honeybee hives was found in Small patches, suggesting that the pollinator assemblage may be severely altered when fragmentation occurs in combination with beekeeping. We discuss its implications and effects on plant reproduction in fragmented areas.     

Characterization of humus-protease complexes extracted from soil

Pyrophosphate (140 mM, pH 7.1) extracts of two arable soils and one pasture soil were ultrafiltrated separating the extracted material into three fractions: A_I with nominal molecular weight (nmw) > 100 kD, A_II with nmw between 10 kD and 100 kD and R with nmw < 10 kD. Protease activity was determined in the fractions by using three different substrates: N-benzoyl-l-argininamide (BAA), specific for trypsin; N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-l-phenylalanyl l-leucine (ZPL), specific for carboxypeptidases; and casein, essentially a non-specific substrate. The derivative fractions were also analysed for their amino acid N and humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid contents. The organic matter of extracts and derivative fractions obtained from the pasture soil was analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and that of fractions analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC). Activities of the extract were monitored for their thermal stability and those of the extract and derivative fractions for their optimal pH.Due to the mechanical disintegrating action of sodium pyrophosphate over the humic substances during the fractionation process the amount of total organic C and FA in the fractions was ranked as R > A_II > A_I. The lowest amino acid N/organic C was found in the R fraction, whereas A_II fraction was rich in humic acids, carbohydrates and amino acid N and A_I fraction showed the lowest carbohydrate content. At least 70% of the total BAA- and ZPL-hydrolysing activity was associated to particles with nmw higher than 10 kD and at least 30% of these activities were present in particles with nmw higher 100 kD. Casein-hydrolysing activity was quite evenly distributed among the three fractions (A_I, A_II and R). The extracted protease-organic complexes were resistant to thermal denaturation and some of them showed optimal activity at pH values higher than 10 as a result of the polyanionic characteristics of the humic material surrounding enzyme molecules and of the presence of alkaline protease. Comparison of data obtained in Py-GC analyses and in protease activity suggests that BAA-hydrolysing activity was associated to a highly condensed humic matter and ZPL-hydrolysing activity to less resistant humic substances, while at least some of the extracted casein-hydrolysing activity was present as glyco-proteins not associated to humus. BAA-hydrolysing activity was probably inhibited by fresh organic matter of carbohydrate origin whereas lignin derived organic matter probably inhibited ZPL- and casein-hydrolysing activity.     

大鼠脊髓P物质对细胞免疫调节作用的研究

目的：观察大鼠脊髓Ｐ物质对细胞免疫水平的影响，方法：两组新生大鼠分别皮下注射辣椒素（ＣＡＰ）和Ｐ物质抗血清，成年大鼠则于脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射，用丝裂原激活的大鼠脾细胞方法测定了淋巴细胞的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平。结果：大鼠皮下及脊髓蛛网膜下腔各分别注射ＣＡＰ，Ｐ物质抗血清后，ＩＬ－２的水平较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生大鼠（皮下）与成年大鼠（蛛网膜下腔）注射ＣＡＰ或Ｐ物质抗血清垃     

生物炭对连作草莓光合特性及光响应的影响

为了寻求缓解草莓连作障碍的有效途径,以佐贺清香草莓品种为试验材料,盆栽条件下在连作8 a草莓的土壤中分别添加质量分数为0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%的小麦秸秆生物炭,研究不同生物炭用量对草莓光合响应参数的影响。结果表明,连作土壤中添加生物炭的量影响了草莓的光合生理,添加一定量的生物炭在一定程度上可以缓解连作障碍。当生物炭添加量为0.30%时,草莓具有更大的光合潜力,其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别比不添加生物炭对照提高37.20%、85.57%和55.14%,差异显著。随着生物炭添加量的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量表现为先升高然后降低的趋势,且均在生物炭添加量为0.30%时达到最大值。表观量子效率和最大净光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量表现一致,表现为0.30%生物炭处理时最高,且分别比对照增加16.62%和32.29%;而当生物炭用量继续增加时,光合作用受阻,且0.30%生物炭处理对弱光的利用能力最强。与不添加生物炭相比,0.15%和0.30%生物炭处理呼吸效率升高,0.45%和0.60%生物炭处理草莓呼吸效率降低。生物炭添加量为0.30%时光补偿点最低。相关性分析表明,叶绿素a含量能较好地反映草莓最大净光合速率的大小,而总叶绿素含量值则能很好地反映草莓在强光下进行光合作用能力的大小。综上,添加一定生物炭,有利于草莓光合色素的合成,提高了光合能力,有助于草莓干物质的积累,在连作土壤中添加0.30%生物炭时最有利于缓解连作障碍对草莓光合生理的影响,叶绿素能较好地反映草莓的光合作用能力,这对草莓设施生产管理具有一定的指导意义。