烟·硝·莠去津-精异丙甲草胺组合防除春玉米杂草效果与安全性

以春玉米大田单独苗前封闭除草方式、单独苗后除草方式为对照,调查苗前封闭除草结合苗后除草施用方式对湖南省永州市玉米田主要杂草空心莲子草[Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.]、藜(Chenopodium album L.)和野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC)的防效及对玉米的安全性。结果表明,苗前喷施精异丙甲草胺1 200～1 800 g/hm~2封闭除草,结合苗后喷施28%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮复配剂2 100～3 000 g/hm~2除草的方式,对3种杂草在苗后除草剂施药后55 d的株防效和鲜重防效均在90%以上,总体高于单独处理且具长效性和安全性。     

自研型黑曲霉丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是一种广泛存在于自然界的腐生真菌,也是重要的工业发酵微生物,在工业酶制剂及有机酸发酵方面得以应用.因其具有强大的酶系统,可溶解土壤中的难溶盐分,促进植株生长,且具有抑菌性而在农业上被广泛应用.在黑曲霉作为丸粒化种衣剂的有效成分的条件下,探究了该制剂对高粱(Sorghu...     

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus found in milk macrophages but not in milk lymphocytes or mammary gland epithelia of naturally infected sheep

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. JSRV can be transmitted via infected colostrum or milk, which contain somatic cells (SCs) harboring JSRV provirus. Nevertheless, the cell types involved in this form of transmission and the involvement of the mammary gland remain unknown. We separated adherent cells (macrophages and monocytes) by plastic adherence, and lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) by flow cytometry, from SCs in milk samples from 12 naturally infected, PCR blood test JSRV–positive, subclinical ewes. These cell populations were tested by PCR to detect JSRV provirus. The ewes were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to detect JSRV surface protein. We did not detect JSRV provirus in any milk lymphocyte population, but milk adherent cells were positive in 3 of 12 sheep, suggesting a potential major role of this population in the lactogenic transmission of JSRV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal positive results in mammary epithelial cells, pointing to a lack of participation of the mammary gland in the biological cycle of JSRV and reducing the probability of excretion of free viral particles in colostrum or milk.     

日本野漆树嫁接繁育技术初探

对日本野漆树进行了3年的嫁接试验,探索出日本野漆树引种在我国最佳的嫁接时间和方法,试验结果显示:夏季采用切腹嫁接法,成活率达46%,秋季采用切腹嫁接,成活率达87%,高于日本文献介绍的同期成活率值(30%~40%),可见在我国南方秋季采用切腹嫁接可大大提高日本野漆树嫁接成活率。     

有机磷农药与小麦酯酶作用关系研究

本研究以小麦为植物酯酶的酶源,α-乙酸萘酯为底物,考察了小麦酯酶与有机磷农药之间作用的关系,建立了10个以吸光值变化表示的酶活性与有机磷农药浓度对数之间的线性方程,并确定了函数的单调区间和极值。     

东祁连山不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属污染评价

本研究通过对东祁连山不同土地利用类型下土壤的7种重金属含量进行测定,结合青藏高原土壤元素背景值,对土壤重金属污染程度和综合潜在生态风险做出综合性评价。结果表明：7种重金属元素的均值都超过了土壤元素背景值,其中Zn和Ni平均含量较高,为196.67 mg·kg^-1和74.28 mg·kg^-1,分别是土壤背景值的3.20和3.00倍,形成了土壤重金属元素的富集现象;内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险系数法分析显示,各类型土地平均内梅罗综合污染指数为2.84,属于中度污染程度,其中农田平均污染指数最大,为3.10,达到了重度污染水平;草地为2.71,湿地最小为2.49,均为中度污染水平。各类型土地的综合潜在生态风险系数为94.31,其中农田类风险系数最高,为101.90,草地类为92.22,湿地为73.29;各类型土壤中Zn元素变异系数最低;Cd元素变异系数最高。     

澳洲银鲈消化道蛋白酶活性研究

通过对澳洲银鲈消化道蛋白酶活性的测定,结果显示蛋白酶活性以幽门垂最高,为(1780.43±474.52)μg/(g.m in)。蛋白酶活性从高到低顺序为幽门垂>后肠>前肠>胃。胃、肠道蛋白酶的最适pH值分别为2.6和7.4。初步探讨了人工配合饲料中不同蛋白质含量对澳洲银鲈蛋白酶活性的影响,当饲料蛋白质量分数分别为29%、35%和44%时,消化道不同部位的蛋白酶活性有差异。     

饥饿和再投喂期间尼罗罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝胰脏生长激素、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ和胰岛素mRNA表达丰度的变化

在室内可控条件下,对尼罗罗非鱼[初始体质量(62.50±3.44)g]进行饥饿28d和随后再投喂21d的处理,于饥饿第0、7、14、21、28天和再投喂第14、21天进行采样分析,研究饥饿和再投喂期间尼罗罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝胰脏生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素(IN)mRNA表达丰度的变化。结果显示,与饥饿第0天相比,饥饿超过7d鱼体体质量显著降低(P<0.05),再投喂21d显著增加(P<0.05);肝体比随饥饿时间延长显著降低(P<0.05),恢复投喂后较饥饿时升高,但显著低于饥饿前水平(P<0.05)。在血清指标上,甘油三酯、血糖、碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶均随饥饿时间延长而逐渐降低,恢复投喂后均有不同程度提高,但转氨酶活性显著低于饥饿前水平(P<0.05);饥饿和再投喂对血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著影响(P>0.05)。在激素方面,与饥饿第0天相比,饥饿使血清GH含量及其肝胰脏mRNA表达丰度显著升高,血清IGF-Ⅰ及其肝胰脏mRNA表达丰度降低,恢复投喂后两者均显著升高(P<0.05);INmRNA表达丰度在饥饿7~21d显著升高(P<0.05),饥饿第28天时无显著差异(P>0.05),再投喂后显著降低(P<0.05)。     

Intensive rearing of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae) during the first 6 months: effects of size grading

Recent advances in crayfish feeding have enabled the development of size grading studies from the start of first‐feeding. A 180‐day experiment aimed at intensive rearing of Pacifastacus leniusculus was carried out under controlled conditions, evaluating the effects of size grading at two different periods from the onset of exogenous feeding. Stage 2 juveniles were stocked in fibreglass tanks at a density of 100 m², and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of Artemia cysts. Five groups were tested: no grading, grading at 60 days (large and small size) and grading at 100 days (large and small size). After 6 months, no significant differences were found in the survival among groups (mean: 73.06%). The highest final growth (pooled results from upper and lower classes: 17.39 mm carapace length, 1.43 g weight) was achieved by the crayfish sorted at 60 days, showing significant differences from the ungraded group. Smaller crayfish graded at 60 days grew significantly faster than smaller crayfish graded at 100 days. The food conversion ratio was lower in the graded groups (mean: 2.64), showing significant differences from the ungraded group (3.23). This study shows that size grading allows a better performance and an improved feeding efficiency.