In silico and gene expression analysis of the acute inflammatory response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after subcutaneous administration of carrageenin

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Inflammation is one of the main causes of loss of homeostasis at both the systemic and molecular levels. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the...     

中国野生灵芝资源的开发利用

中国灵芝资源十分丰富,许多种类具有重要的经济价值。本文概述了中国古籍中有关灵芝的记载,灵芝的化学成分与制剂,灵芝的人工栽培、生态习性与分布,及其对国民经济的重要性。     

西藏林芝地区藏式庭院绿化模式研究

对西藏林芝地区的藏式庭院景观进行了调查,结果表明:(1)藏式庭院注重观花花卉,以具有农业气息的园艺植物为主,力求自然及管护简易,不注重修剪;(2)造景注重花卉的形、色、花期及视觉审美,形成了以花卉配置为主要内容的"花园",其审美观念、造景风格与西方欧式庭院较为接近,在设计元素上重视植物,忽视水体设计;(3)草坪与观花类植物、果树及园艺作物相比,处于次要地位。     

Effect of salicylic acid treatment on tomato plant physiology and tolerance to potato virus X infection

Salicylic acid (SA) is an inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and could be a potential candidate in the control of plant virus diseases. In this study we assayed under controlled conditions the potential effect of three doses of exogenous SA treatment on tomato plants infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and measured their effects on: different physiological parameters (gas exchange, stable isotopes, chlorophyll content), the activation of secondary metabolism, viral accumulation and induction of the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) such as ß-1, 3-glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3). SA treatment increased the expression of PR2, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the concentration of antioxidant compounds at 7 days post-treatment. Earlier expression of PR3 compared to PR2 was observed. SA treatment delayed the detection of PVX by ELISA in uninoculated leaves of mechanically infected tomato plants. Although the effect of PVX infection on physiological parameters was weak, moderate SA treatments showed enhanced photosynthesis, particularly for infected plants. The results obtained confirm that SA promotes major changes in the induction of resistance in tomato plants and suggest that treatment with exogenous SA could be considered to reduce the infections caused by PVX.     

Identification of urolithin a as a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds

Dietary ellagic acid and related polyphenols are metabolized in humans to dibenzopyran-6-one derivatives, and the microbial origin of these metabolites has been suggested. However, this has not been demonstrated so far. Fecal samples donated by six volunteers were incubated under anaerobic conditions, and aliquots were used to evaluate the fecal metabolism of ellagic acid, the ellagitannin punicalagin, and an ellagitannin rich extract from walnuts. The isoflavone daidzein was also incubated with the same fecal samples to follow the production of the microbial metabolites previously reported (dihydrogenistein, O-demethylangolensin, and equol) as a positive control of the system and to evaluate similarities between isoflavone and ellagic acid fecal flora metabolism. After fermentation the metabolite "urolithin A" (3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one) was produced from ellagic acid, punicalagin, and the ellagitannin extract in all the fecal cultures from different volunteers, but with very different production rates and concentrations. This large variability in the concentration of metabolite and kinetics of metabolite production is consistent with the large variability found in the excretion of these metabolites in urine in vivo after human consumption of ellagitannins, and with differences in the composition of the fecal microflora. No correlation between isoflavone and ellagic acid metabolism by fecal microflora was observed. The present study confirms the microbial origin of the recently reported in vivo generated hydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one derivatives in humans and is a further step in the study of the bioavailability and metabolism of ellagic acid and ellagitannins.     

Cytoprotection by neutral fraction of tannat red wine against oxidative stress-induced cell death

Some of the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on human pathologies have been attributed to red wine polyphenols. It has been postulated that the antioxidant activity of the latter would be also responsible for the cytoprotective capacity of red wine that has been reported in a few papers. Nevertheless, red wine shows a complex composition, and the active fraction is not known yet. In this context, the protective capacity of total lyophilized extracts of red wine and anthocyanin, neutral, or acidic fractions, was explored in PC12 cells in culture after a hydrogen peroxide insult. Although all fractions showed high antioxidant activity, only the neutral fraction was cytoprotective. The analysis of this active fraction showed that it was rich in the aglycons quercetin and myricetin as well as the glycosides of kaempferol, isorhamnetin, epicatechin, and catechin, some of which are known to be cytoprotective. This is the first paper to reveal the active fraction of total wine responsible of its cytoprotection.     

刚手藻对水中N、P的神制及其环境条件研究

利用刚毛藻处理水中NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TP,选择藻量、温度、光照、处理时间作为控制因子,研究不同条件及实际不同水环境下刚毛藻对水中N、P控制的影响。结果表明,藻量控制在1.5 g/L时藻对水样中NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TP的去除效果较好;T-P的去除速率较快,在5 d即能取得较好效果,其次是NH3-N,在12 d左右达动态平衡,T-N的去除14 d为适应处理时间;当温度为20℃时,NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TP水体处理效果较好,TN处理最适宜温度出现在30℃;光照则表现为照度3 000 lx±100 lx时,NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TP去除效果较好。刚毛藻对不同水环境的N、P处理,T-N、T-P、NO2-N、NH3-N的处理均能达到较好的处理效果,且差异明显,但对NO3-N处理效果不甚理想。     

改性白果壳对水溶液中重金属镉的吸附研究

为实现农林废弃物的资源化利用和开辟廉价、高效的重金属吸附剂,利用1%KMnO4溶液对白果壳进行化学改性,制备成KMnO4改性白果壳(命名为WSK),用于水溶液中Cd2+的吸附,研究温度、pH、反应时间、初始Cd2+浓度4个因素对WSK吸附Cd2+的影响,并通过模型拟合、电镜扫描(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)分析,对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,WSK是一种理想的Cd2+吸附剂,其吸附性能受温度、pH、反应时间、Cd2+初始浓度的影响。吸附量与体系温度呈正相关,温度越高吸附量越大;随pH的增加吸附量先升高后降低,pH为5.5时,吸附效果最佳;在60 min后基本达到吸附平衡;随着Cd2+初始浓度的升高,WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附量逐渐增加,当Cd2+浓度为300 mg·L-1时,去除率为94.49%,基本达到吸附饱和。WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich模型,决定系数R2为0.94,最大吸附量为119.76mg·g-1;吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,R2为0.999 5。SEM照片显示WSK表面呈多孔结构,增加了WSK的比表面积、孔容及表面吸附位点,这有助于提高其吸附性能。红外光谱图分析表明,WSK主要靠-OH、-COO-、-NH-、C=O、-P=O、-CH-等离子活性官能基团与Cd2+配位结合,其中-COO-起重要作用。     

重庆市不同规模灌区农灌水有效利用系数测算与对比研究

通过对重庆市不同规模灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数计算结果的比较研究,对出现的中型灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数大于小型灌区的结果进行合理性分析,并为重庆市农田灌溉用水有效利用系数的进一步提高,提出相关建议,为政府相关部门的科学决策提供参考.综合考虑重庆的地形、气候、土壤等因素.根据选定灌区的实测数据,采用首尾测算法计算2017年重庆市不同规模灌溉农田灌溉水的有效利用系数,采用单因素和主成分分析法,分析影响农田灌溉水有效灌溉系数的主要因素. 1)通过测算, 2017年重庆市中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数为0.499,小型灌区为0.487,推算全市为0.495; 2)在影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主要因素中,当地的节水工程和管理状况所占的比例大于自然因素; 3)中型灌区在节水工程的投资、管理和维护等方面均优于小型灌区; 4)自然因素中,降水量对农田灌溉水有效利用系数具有一定的负面影响.     

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.