盐胁迫对刺槐不同组织及细胞离子吸收和分配的变化

该文从器官水平和细胞水平对盐胁迫后的刺槐苗离子含量进行分析 ,比较了不同组织膜透性和盐离子在刺槐组织及细胞中的分配特点 .研究表明 :随胁迫时间的延长 ,叶片细胞膜系统受到的伤害比根部细胞膜系统大 .根部的Na+含量较高 ,其分布量的顺序是根 >茎 >叶 ,叶片中盐离子含量较低 ,从而减少了盐胁迫对地上部的毒害 ;K+的含量则与Na+相反 ,其分布量的顺序为 :叶 >茎 >根 ,幼嫩的组织中分布较多 ,以保证植物正常的代谢活动 .刺槐根皮层细胞的液泡中积累Na+和Cl-的量远高于细胞质 ,说明刺槐的根皮层细胞对Na+和Cl-具有一定的区隔化作用 .刺槐叶肉细胞的细胞壁、细胞质和液泡中Na+和Cl-的含量没有明显差别 .测定结果表明 ,器官水平与细胞水平耐盐机制具有一致性     

宁南黄土丘陵区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对土地生产力影响研究

坡耕地土壤侵蚀对土地生产力的影响表现在多方面 .该文运用模拟侵蚀方法 ,对宁夏西吉县黄土丘陵区坡耕地表层土壤发生不同程度侵蚀后 ,表土养分流失、作物产量和生物量下降的状况进行了定量测试分析 .结果显示 :①耕作层 (0～ 2 0cm)土壤肥力指标有机质、全N、碱解N、全P分别比下层土壤 (2 0～ 6 0cm)高 14 2 % ,12 0 % ,37 3%和 9 2 % ,且流失土壤的养分富集现象明显 .②种植春小麦和豌豆的坡耕地 ,每流失 1cm表土 ,产量分别下降 1 9%～ 3 1%和 2 0 %～ 2 6 % ,而马铃薯和胡麻产量分别降低 0 9%～ 1 0 %和 0 9%～ 1 5 % .③发生强度和剧烈侵蚀的坡耕地 ,每年农作物产量下降幅度为 0 35 %～ 1 76 %和 1 0 7%～ 3 36 % .     

Follow-up of mercury levels in fish,human hair and urine in the Madeira and Tapajós basins,Amazon, Brazil

Informal economy of gold mining has contaminated some important river basins in Amazon. Follow-up studies on critical compartments showed some areas with high Hg levels in fish as well as in human hair samples. Average Hg in piscivorous fish in the Madeira river itself was 846 ppb (N=284) with a maximum of 3921 ppb. Mercury in fish from non polluted areas in this basin shows high variability, even for single species. A seasonal variation in Hg content was observed, with higher values at the end of the dry season. In the upper Tapajós basin comparable values were found for fish but with a definite decreasing trend downstream. Average value for piscivorous fish in the whole Tapajós basin is 482 ppb (N=122) with a maximum value of 3770 ppb. Hair Hg was higher in fishing villages in the Tapajós (average: 17 ppm; with N=432 and maximum value of 176 ppm) than in the Madeira (average: 9 ppm; N=169; maximum 71 ppm), and data from some areas of the Tapajós suggest a decrease with time. Mercury was much higher in urine of goldshop workers in Santarém (low Tapajós) than in Alta Floresta (high Tapajbs) and show a decreasing trend in both cases, probably related to the significant decline in gold mining activities during the study period (1986–1994).     

Recent Advances in Molecular Biological Applications in Sri Lankan Tea （Camellia sinensis） Industry： An Overview on the Achievements During Last Ten Years

For tea,which is predominantly out-breeding woody perennial,genetic improvement through conventional approaches is relatively ineffective,slow and costly.As a potential tool to enhance the process,Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka （TRISL） has integrated molecular biology to supplement the conventional program and is in progress.To date,a considerable progress has been achieved in the key areas such as genetic characterization and estimation of genetic diversity,isolation and characterization of EST and genomic SSRs,construction of SSR primers,construction of genetic maps and marker assisted selection and application of genomic approaches to understand the role of secondary metabolites disease resistance in tea and in this paper,a summarized version of above studies is presented.     

Tea Art Education for Elementary School Students in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province in China——A Case of Caihe Second Elementary School

Caihe Second Elementary School,a public school in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province in China,has shown excellent performance at practicing tea art education for students as a part of after-school activities it encourages.In this paper,the author figured out significance of tea art in Chinese society by discussing ＂why elementary students learn Chinese tea art＂ through observation on tea art education at Caihe Second Elementary School and interview with persons involved.     

Discussion and Evaluation of How ＂Tea Culture＂ is Defined

The essence of tea culture stems from the meeting of tea＇s inherent morality,its roots in nature,and human cultural activity.Because it is intertwined with traditional philosophy,Chinese tea culture is well-established and flourishing.The definitions and delineations of tea culture are varied,but any definition should reflect tea culture＇s relativity in space and time and human-centered nature,especially the spiritual needs of humans.