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991.
Silvia Devars Jos�� Salud Rodr��guez-Zavala Rafael Moreno-S��nchez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):51-57
Toxicity of Hg2+ was determined in two strains of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris: the wild-type (B) and a streptomycin-resistant strain (Smr). Cells were cultured under 12-h dark/12-h light regime or under continuous darkness. In the dark/light cultures, cellular growth was severely diminished in the B strain by Hg2+, whereas only a slight decrease was attained in the Smr strain; Hg2+ also affected the photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the B strain, but not those of Smr strain. Under continuous darkness, cellular growth of both strains was lower than under dark/light cycles, but it was inhibited by Hg2+ to a much lesser extent. Cell culture by 5 days under continuous dark or by 8 days of dark/light cycles resulted in a higher intracellular content of mercury in B strain than in Smr strain. In contrast, in both culture conditions, the fraction of mercury removed from medium by B strain was lower than that attained by Smr strain, whereas the ability to bio-transform (reduce) Hg2+ was two times higher in the mutant strain. The results suggested that Smr strain cells acquired an ability to remove Hg2+ from the medium, which was not associated to accumulation and which conferred protection against mercury. 相似文献
992.
993.
Blanco-Vega D López-Bellido FJ Alía-Robledo JM Hermosín-Gutiérrez I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9523-9531
Formation of wine pyranoanthocyanins in model wine was monitored by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, using red grape skin extracts and wine fermentation metabolites (acetaldehyde, pyruvic and acetoacetic acids, and diacetyl) and also hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids). Pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde reacted fast, the first reaching high product yield and the second inducing mainly pigment polymerization. In contrast, acetoacetic acid and diacetyl reacted slowly with poor product yields. Hydroxycinnamic acids progressively reacted without apparent formation of polymeric pigments, the reaction rate and yield increasing as the number of hydroxy/methoxy groups did. Substituent at C-10 strongly affected the visible maximum absorbance wavelength, whereas B-ring substitution pattern or sugar acylation exerted little effect. The 10-methylpyranoanthocyanins formed from acetoacetic acid were also found as side products in the formation of 10-carboxypyranoanthocyanins. Finally, we report for the first time on UV-vis and MS spectral data of 10-acetylpyranoanthocyanins formed from diacetyl, and their occurrence in commercial red wines is suggested. 相似文献
994.
Dryland cropping systems influence the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a semiarid sandy soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Veronica Acosta-Mart��nez Robert Lascano Francisco Calder��n Jill D. Booker Ted M. Zobeck Dan R. Upchurch 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(6):655-667
Indicators of soil quality, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN) and enzyme activities (EAs), involved in C, P, N, and S cycling, as affected by dryland cropping systems under conventional (ct) and no tillage (nt) practices were evaluated for 5?years. The soil is sandy loam with an average of 16.4% clay, 67.6% sand, and 0.65?g kg?1 OM at 0?C10?cm. The crops evaluated were rotations of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or forage sorghum (also called haygrazer), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), and winter rye (Secale cereale): grain sorghum?Ccotton (Srg?CCt), cotton?Cwinter rye?Csorghum (Ct?CRye?CSrg), and forage sorghum?Cwinter rye (Srf?CRye). The tillage treatments did not affect soil MB and EAs of C cycling (i.e., ??-glucosidase, ??-glucosaminidase, ??-galactosidase), P cycling (alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase), and S cycling (arylsulfatase)??except for separation due to tillage for Srf?CRye and Ct?CRye?CSrg observed in PCA plots when all EAs were evaluated together. After 3?years, rotations with a winter cover crop history (Ct?CRye?CSrg and Srf?CRye) enhanced soil MBN (up to 63%) and EAs (21-37%) compared to Srg?CCt. After 5?years, Srg?CCt and Ct?CRye?CSrg showed similar soil MBC, MBN, EAs, total carbon (TC), and organic carbon (OC). A comparison of Srg?CCt plots with nearby continuous cotton (Ct?CCt) research plots in the same soil revealed that it took 5?years to detect higher TC (12%), MBC (38%), and EAs (32?C36%, depending on the enzyme) under Srg?CCt. The significant improvements in MB and EAs found, as affected by dryland cropping systems with a history of winter cover crops and/or higher biomass return crops than cotton, can represent changes in soil OM, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration for sandy soils in the semiarid Texas High Plains region. It is significant that these soil changes occurred despite summer crop failure (2003 and 2006) and lack of winter cover crops (2006) due to lack of precipitation in certain years. 相似文献
995.
996.
Ivan Carvalho Filho Daniele Botelho Diniz Marques Carolina Filardi de Campos José Domingos Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães Paulo Sávio Lopes Fabyano Fonseca e Silva Renata Veroneze 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(1):38-43
Nellore is the main cattle breed used in Brazil, being the largest commercial herd in the world. Beyond the importance of male reproductive efficiency for farm profit, the use of reproductive techniques, mainly artificial insemination, turns the evaluation of male reproductive traits even more important. Estimation of genetic parameters increases the knowledge on traits variances and allows envisaging the possibility of the inclusion of new traits as selection criterion. Genetic parameters for fifteen traits that can be classified as testicular biometry or physical and morphological semen traits were estimated for a Nellore bull population ranging from 18 to 36 months. Single-trait and bi-trait animal models were used for (co)variance components estimation. The contemporary group was considered as fixed effect and age at measurement as covariable. Scrotal circumference presented heritability of 0.47 ± 0.12. This value is similar to the heritabilities found for all testicular biometry traits (0.34–0.48). Sperm progressive motility, which has a direct effect on bull fertility, presented low heritability (0.07 ± 0.08). Major and total sperm defects presented moderate to high heritabilities (0.49 ± 0.18 and 0.39 ± 0.15, respectively), indicating that great genetic gain can be obtained through selection against sperm defects. High and positive genetic correlations were observed among testicular biometry traits, which also presented favourable genetic correlations with physical and morphological traits of the semen with magnitude ranging from high to low. Scrotal circumference presented moderate to high and favourable genetic correlations with sperm progressive motility, sperm turbulence, major sperm defects and total sperm defects. Thus, the selection for scrotal circumference results in favourable correlated genetic response for semen quality. The results show that the use of scrotal circumference as reference trait for bull fertility is appropriate, since it presents high heritability and favourable genetic correlation with semen quality. 相似文献
997.
Karine Campagnolo Felipe Ledur Ongaratto Camila Rodrigues de Freitas Camilo Andrés Peña Bello Bruna Rodrigues Willhelm Karine de Mattos José Luiz Rigo Rodrigues Marcelo Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):574-583
Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage. 相似文献
998.
Ruiz Maria Luiza Owatari Marco Shizuo Yamashita Marcela Maya Ferrarezi José Victor Saffadi Garcia Patricia Cardoso Lucas Martins Maurício Laterça Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):167-176
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aims of this study were to evaluate the inclusion of different concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum in Nile tilapia diet and to verify histological... 相似文献
999.
Correa-Calderón Abelardo Angulo-Valenzuela Ismael Betancourth Fernando Oroz-Rojo Francisco Fierros-Castro Karina Macías-Cruz Ulises Díaz-Molina Raúl Avendaño-Reyes Leonel 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):203-209
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to compare the fertility of Holstein heifers under cooling and inseminated with sexed semen during the summer versus winter... 相似文献
1000.
Soares Camila Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro Monção Flávio Pinto Borges Lucas Daniel Alcântara Caldeira Luciana Albuquerque Costa Natanael Mendes Ruas José Reinaldo Mendes Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho Cinara de Sales Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Assis Pires Daniel Ananias Chamone Julieta Maria Alencar 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2567-2576
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The qualities of food, mainly of animal origin, have always been of concern to consumers. It is known that the composition of animals’ diets can... 相似文献