全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8201篇 |
免费 | 421篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 588篇 |
农学 | 275篇 |
基础科学 | 62篇 |
1387篇 | |
综合类 | 1234篇 |
农作物 | 542篇 |
水产渔业 | 647篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 3028篇 |
园艺 | 215篇 |
植物保护 | 653篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 138篇 |
2020年 | 151篇 |
2019年 | 174篇 |
2018年 | 154篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 172篇 |
2015年 | 130篇 |
2014年 | 183篇 |
2013年 | 342篇 |
2012年 | 408篇 |
2011年 | 562篇 |
2010年 | 319篇 |
2009年 | 298篇 |
2008年 | 548篇 |
2007年 | 502篇 |
2006年 | 511篇 |
2005年 | 539篇 |
2004年 | 443篇 |
2003年 | 480篇 |
2002年 | 420篇 |
2001年 | 92篇 |
2000年 | 87篇 |
1999年 | 100篇 |
1998年 | 85篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 89篇 |
1994年 | 86篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 63篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 48篇 |
1985年 | 50篇 |
1984年 | 49篇 |
1983年 | 46篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 37篇 |
1977年 | 37篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 38篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有8631条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
Adrian C. Armstrong Andrew M. Portwood Peter B. Leeds-Harrison Graham L. Harris John A Catt 《Pest management science》1996,48(1):47-55
The validation of pesticide leaching models presents particular problems where the number of model predictions is far in excess of the observed data. Normally, however, there are more frequent field observations for other parameters (notably the site hydrology) than for pesticide concentrations in either water or soil. A five-stage validation procedure which takes advantage of the most frequently available observations and which tests each of the components of the model in a cumulative way, is thus advocated: Stage 1: Parameterisation of the model using only independently measured parameters. Stage 2: Hydrological validation: the validation of the predictions of water movement and water content of the soil. Stage 3: Solute movement validation: where field data are available for solutes other than pesticide, the model should first be validated for them, especially if they are more abundant than the pesticide observations. Conserved solutes such as chloride or bromide are preferred, although nitrate may be used for short periods. Stage 4: Pesticide fate in the soil: models should use parameters of pesticide fate derived from independent studies. Stage 5: Pesticide leaching: only in the last stage are the relatively small number of pesticide observations compared with the model predictions with respect to patterns and orders of magnitude of occurrence. With this scheme, the results of each stage are carried forward to the next, and confidence in the model is built with each stage. This is illustrated using the CRACK-P model and hydrological, nitrate and pesticide data from the Brimstone Farm Experiment Oxfordshire, UK. 相似文献
142.
143.
144.
Michelle T. Hulin Robert W. Jackson Richard J. Harrison John W. Mansfield 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):962-978
Bacterial canker disease is a major limiting factor in the growing of cherry and other Prunus species worldwide. At least five distinct clades within the bacterial species complex Pseudomonas syringae are known to be causal agents of the disease. The different pathogens commonly coexist in the field. Reducing canker is a challenging prospect as the efficacy of chemical controls and host resistance may vary against each of the diverse clades involved. Genomic analysis has revealed that the pathogens use a variable repertoire of virulence factors to cause the disease. Significantly, strains of P. syringae pv. syringae possess more genes for toxin biosynthesis and fewer encoding type III effector proteins. There is also a shared pool of key effector genes present on mobile elements such as plasmids and prophages that may have roles in virulence. By contrast, there is evidence that absence or truncation of certain effector genes, such as hopAB, is characteristic of cherry pathogens. Here we highlight how recent research, underpinned by the earlier epidemiological studies, is allowing significant progress in our understanding of the canker pathogens. This fundamental knowledge, combined with emerging insights into host genetics, provides the groundwork for development of precise control measures and informed approaches to breed for disease resistance. 相似文献
145.
Brian N. Hogg Keith Stokes Min B. Rayamajhi John Geiger Paul D. Pratt 《Weed Research》2020,60(3):212-220
Schinus terebinthifolia is a dioecious tree native to South America that has become an invasive weed in Florida, southern California, southern Arizona, Texas and Hawaii and has been naturalised in over 20 countries. Biological control is considered a viable long-term control option for S. terebinthifolia because release from natural enemies appears to be at least partly responsible for its success in Florida. We examined leaf phenology of S. terebinthifolia over a period of 15 months at five sites in central and southern Florida to provide information that may help in predicting the impacts of potential biocontrol agents for this weed. We documented leaf lifespan, the seasonality of leaf development and abscission and the survivorship of leaves that emerged during either spring, summer or autumn. Average leaf lifespan was >4.5 months at all sites, and leaf phenology followed the seasons closely. Although S. terebinthifolia possesses leaves throughout the year, leaf production was greatest from April to September, and most leaves were abscised in February and March. Spring- and summer-emerging leaves were also longer-lived than leaves produced during autumn. These results suggest that leaves of S. terebinthifolia would be most vulnerable to herbivory during the spring and summer months when newly growing leaf tissue is most plentiful. Biocontrol agents capable of damaging these tissues during spring/summer might be an effective means of controlling this invasive weed. 相似文献
146.
Zhai Changyuan Long John Taylor Randal Weckler Paul Wang Ning 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(3):589-602
Precision Agriculture - With recent developments allowing increased planter speeds, improving spatial uniformity of crop emergence will continue to be an important focus of research. Vertical... 相似文献
147.
A modelling investigation was conducted into optimizing the number of sprays and inter-spray interval to reduce an insect population to a low level, for example, prior to pheromone trapping or the release of sterile males. The model population was age-structured and density-dependent. If spray mortality is 100% for each spray, then the ideal spraying schedule is easily determined from the durations of the various life stages. For spray mortality of less than 100%, a simulation was used to determine optimal spraying schedules. Relative length of the larval period, fertility rate and age to first oviposition were found to be the most important biotic parameters for this determination. Their importance is magnified as spray mortality decreases. The stage targeted by sprays and the percent mortality caused by each spray are also important in determining the required number of sprays. Using medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) biotic parameters as an example when the spray targets adults, it appeared that neither the stage at which density-dependent mortality takes effect, nor the form of the adult survivorship curve are important in determining the optimal spray schedule. 相似文献
148.
动物精子的性别可通过流式精子分选仪和DNA标识进行鉴定,而利用鉴定性别的精子(即性控精子)并借助人工授精技术或其它授精技术产生的后代,在过去5年中估计已多达30000个(其中大多数是母牛)。有关文献资料证明,能有效地区分X精子和Y精子的唯一标记物是精子染色体中的DNA。众所周知,目前世界各地采用的方法是Beltsville精子分选技术,该技术根据X精子群和Y精子群中DNA相对含量上的差异,用荧光染液(Hoechst33342染液)标记精子,随后利用流式细胞仪分选经荧光标记的精子,从而达到分离精子的目的。目前,X精子或Y精子正常的生产速度是每小时1500万个,该项技术已在家畜、实验动物和动物园动物中应用,如果将该技术应用在人上,在预选后代性别比例上可达90%~95%的成功率。因动物品种不同,性控精子在动物体内的授精部位也不相同。常规的人工授精技术、宫内授精技术、输卵管内授精技术、用于胚胎移植的体外受精(in-vitro fertilization,IVF)技术或子宫角深部授精技术均能有效地使动物怀孕,至于利用哪种技术进行性控精子的精则取决于动物品种。尽管所有动物都能获得高纯度的分选精子,但是在实际生产中利用低剂量精子还难以让母猪怀孕。子宫角深部授精技术每次授精0.5~1.00亿个性控精子已能产生可喜的效果:利用特制的输精管,输入常规人工授精所需精子量的五十分之一的性控精子,足以使动物怀孕。性控精子通过常规的授精技术能够被猪成功利用前,还需重新设计输精管,同时输精的次数和每次授精时精子数量也需作进一步的研究。分选精子的低温保存技术已被牛人工授精普遍采用。尽管已能利用冷冻的性别分选精子生产小猪,但是性别分选精子经冷冻和解冻处理后在常规生产中的应用还未达到最理想的效果。本文将讨论猪精子性别分选的最新研究成果及其发展趋势,并重点探讨将性别分选技术应用于养猪生产中必须对其进行必要的技术开发。 相似文献
149.
Rell L. Parker John Du Richard L. Shinn Adam G. Drury FangChi Hsu John L. Roberston Thomas E. Cecere Avril U. Arendse John H. Rossmeisl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):694
BackgroundSeizures in the early postoperative period after intracranial surgery may affect outcome in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of early postoperative seizures (EPS) in dogs with brain tumors, identify specific risk factors for EPS, and determine if EPS affects outcome.AnimalsEighty‐eight dogs that underwent 125 intracranial surgeries for diagnosis and treatment of rostrotentorial brain tumors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with a diagnosis of rostrotentorial brain tumor from 2006 to 2020 were included. Early postoperative seizures were diagnosed by observation of seizure activity within 14 days of neurosurgery. Previously diagnosed structural epilepsy, perioperative anticonvulsant drug (ACD) use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Outcome measures included neurologic and nonneurologic complications, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge.ResultsDogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors had EPS after 16/125 (12.8%) neurosurgical procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐19%). Presence of previous structural epilepsy was not associated with EPS risk (P = 1). Perioperative ACD use also was not associated with EPS (P = .06). Dogs with EPS had longer hospitalization (P < .001), were more likely to have neurologic complications postsurgery (P = .01), and were less likely to survive to discharge (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIt is difficult to predict which dogs are at risk of EPS because the presence of previous structural epilepsy and the use of perioperative ACDs was not associated with EPS. However, seizures in the early postoperative period are clinically important because affected dogs had prolonged hospitalization, more neurologic complications, and decreased short‐term survival. 相似文献
150.
The packed column aerator (PCA) is a highly efficient aerator that can be used for oxygen and nitrogen + argon removal. Standard transfer efficiencies (N0) for oxygen range from 1·5 to 2·0 kg O2/kWh. If 1–2 m of hydraulic head is available, N0 can be as high as 80 kg O2/kWh. A mass transfer model was developed for design purposes. Recommended design parameters and procedures are presented for full-scale PCA. 相似文献