污泥对草坪草逆境生理的影响

日益增长的污水处理副产物——污泥的处置问题越来越引起人们的关注,将污泥应用于草坪草的种植被认为是污泥资源化利用的可行途径之一。本文综述了污泥对草坪草逆境生理影响的研究进展,众多研究表明,适宜用量的污泥对草坪草叶绿素及光合效应、矿质营养、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶系统均有有益影响,能提高其应对逆境的适应能力;过量施用污泥则会影响草坪草的生长,不同的草种对污泥施用量的要求不同。污泥能提高草坪草抗逆性的原因可能是由于污泥富含多种营养元素和生物活性物质,但其提高草坪草抗逆性的内在机制还有待进一步研究。     

犬春季饲养管理要点

俗话说,一年之计在于春。原意是强调春天对农业生产的重要性。实际上也适用于犬的饲养管理,搞好犬的春季饲养管理,如同程序的启动阶段,启动顺利,程序才能正常运行,这对于全年工作是十分重要的开端。     

基于MODIS数据的伊犁河谷植被指数变化及其对气候的响应

利用2006-2014年主要生长季(5-9月)的MODIS遥感数据,分析了2006-2014年的年平均NDVI和生长季月NDVI变化规律。同时,收集整理同期伊犁河谷地区的气温与降水资料,并对NDVI与当月、2个月滑动、3个月滑动和5个月滑动的平均气温、降水值进行了相关性分析。结果表明,NDVI与气温、降水都存在一定的相关性,NDVI受当月平均气温的影响最大;NDVI与当月降水和滑动平均降水的相关性都很好,但3个月滑动平均降水对NDVI的影响最大,并且通过了0.01的极显著性检验。     

酸与胆汁耐性芽孢益生菌的筛选

试验选用允许直接饲喂的安全微生物中的芽孢杆菌,按照益生菌的特定要求,考察各菌株对低pH和高胆盐的耐受性及产酶特性。筛选获得的凝结芽孢杆菌AHU1366,耐受性优良,并能产生淀粉酶和蛋白酶,是一株比较理想的饲用益生菌。     

狂犬病快速诊断方法的建立和应用

根据狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因保守区序列设计1对引物，建立了用于狂犬病病毒特异性核酸检测的RT-PCR技术。该技术可从狂犬病病毒CVS株、8202株和SRV9株的含毒细胞培养物及鼠脑组织中，扩增出443bp的核酸片段，检出核酸的敏感性约为3pg。对30份不同种动物脑组织的检测结果与小鼠脑内接种试验(MIT)的测定结果完全吻合，但前者可在3h内直接对组织匀浆进行诊断，具有快速、简便和敏感的优点。     

绵羊多胎性状基因调控研究进展

绵羊的繁殖性状受多基因控制，本文综述了现已发现并证明的主基因和QTL住点，如FecB基因、FecX基因、FecX2基因、BMP15(形态发生蛋白15)突变、Q249R突变及Thoka基因等。通过分析这些基因或QTL位点的作用、遗传方式、遗传效应及基因定位，旨在为探讨绵羊多胎性状的基因调控规律提供理论依据。     

Tilmicosin enteric granules and premix to pigs: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and comparative pharmacokinetics

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC₉₀ of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T_max), elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (V_F) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC_0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.     

6个种源地不同桑树品种叶柄解剖结构与水分运输能力初探

叶柄是水分和营养物质在茎和叶间运输的重要组织。采用石蜡切片技术和木材离析技术,分析6个种源地不同的桑树品种一年生扦插苗叶柄的显微结构特征,对叶柄的水分运输能力和抗蒸腾能力进行评价,并对桑树的抗旱性进行探讨。结果显示在6个桑品种中,吴堡桑的叶柄角质层和厚角组织厚度较小,但维管束最为发达,具有较高的维管束面积占比、中等水平的导管直径和最大的导管长度,水分运输能力最强,同时还能保持对栓塞较强的抵抗性,推测其抗旱能力可能较强,适宜种植在较为干旱的地区;育711号的叶柄角质层较薄,云果桑1号叶柄的厚角组织最薄,这2个品种的叶柄具有较多的维管束,但其维管束面积占比、导管孔腔面积以及导管直径在6个品种中较小,故抗蒸腾能力与水分运输能力均较低,其抗旱能力可能相对较弱,更加适合在水分充足的环境中生长。研究结果为阐释桑树叶柄结构、水分运输能力与桑树抗旱能力之间的关系提供了一定的实验依据。     

Dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility in ruminants following elimination of protozoa: a meta-analysis

Background: Ruminal microbes are vital to the conversion of lignocellulose-rich plant materials into nutrients for ruminants.Although protozoa play a key role in linking ruminal microbial networks,the contribution of protozoa to rumen fermentation remains controversial; therefore,this meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the temporal dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) profiles and dietary fiber digestibility in ruminants following the elimination of protozoa(also termed defaunation).A total of 49 studies from 22 publications were evaluated.Results: The results revealed that defaunation reduced methane production and shifted ruminal VFA profiles to consist of more propionate and less acetate and butyrate,but with a reduced total VFA concentration and decreased dietary fiber digestibility.However,these effects were diminished linearly,at different rates,with time during the first few weeks after defaunation,and eventually reached relative stability.The acetate to propionate ratio and methane production were increased at 7 and 11 wk after defaunation,respectively.Conclusions: Elimination of protozoa initially shifted the rumen fermentation toward the production of more propionate and less methane,but eventually toward the production of less propionate and more methane over time.