桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺研究

为探究桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺,利用正交试验设计对桑叶粗多糖的提取工艺进行优化。以桑叶粗多糖得率为评价指标,以加水倍数、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为考察因素,设计3因素3水平正交试验,采用苯酚一硫酸比色法进行桑叶粗多糖含量测定,比较得出桑叶水提物的最佳制备工艺,并在此基础上考察不同浓度乙醇对桑叶粗多糖提取的影响。结果显示,煎煮次数对桑叶粗多糖提取率影响最大,当加水倍数为25倍,煎煮时间为2 h,煎煮2次时桑叶水提物中桑叶粗多糖提取率最高,为4.94%。但结合影响因素分析,最终确定桑叶水提物的最佳提取工艺为加25倍水,煎煮2 h,煎煮3次。乙醇浓度对桑叶粗多糖的含量及得率影响很大,70%乙醇醇沉所得水提物中桑叶粗多糖质量最大,40%乙醇醇沉所得桑叶粗多糖含量最高,平均含量达41.5%,显著高于其他乙醇浓度（P < 0.05）,提示乙醇浓度越高,桑叶粗多糖含量越低,但得率越高。桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺为：加水倍数为25倍,煎煮时间2 h,煎煮3次,采用70%乙醇醇沉。     

First report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing tumor disease of Populus koreana in China

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In May 2018, a bacterial tumor disease was observed on Populus koreana in Shuangyang county, Changchun city, Jilin Province. Based on physiological...     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒胶体金检测试纸卡的研制

为快速检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,应用抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒单克隆抗体PRRSV-3D10株和4H11株分别作为胶体金标记物和诊断抗体,羊抗鼠IgG作为质控线,制备胶体金免疫层析抗原检测试纸。该试纸卡具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性和稳定性,与PCR方法对比总符合率为93．3％。研究显示,本试纸卡能够快速、准确检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,可为临床诊断提供参考。     

海藻渣复配微生物菌剂防治黄瓜苗期枯萎病的协同增效作用

海藻渣资源化高效利用对环境保护具有重要意义.通过比较海藻渣与棘孢木霉菌剂、解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌剂单一和复配使用对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效和寄主防御反应的影响,明确海藻渣和复合菌剂协同增效作用.结果表明,1％海藻渣+3.0×105 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂+2.0×108 cfu/g解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌剂(T1)拌土处理对枯萎病防效达...     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫日龄及取食的食物对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生效果的影响

为评估淡足侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾的防控效果,在室内环境条件下,研究了草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄主日龄和所取食食物对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生效果的影响.结果表明,无论草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食人工饲料或玉米叶片,淡足侧沟茧蜂对3日龄和5日龄寄主幼虫的寄生率、结茧率、出蜂率及对寄主致死率均显著高于8日龄寄主.另外,在同日龄情况下,淡足侧沟茧蜂对取食玉...     

The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

有效积温与东亚飞蝗越冬卵滞育关系研究

温度是影响蝗虫滞育的重要环境因子,为明确有效积温对东亚飞蝗卵滞育的影响,本文设置6个有效积温梯度处理饲养2代飞蝗,结果表明544.3、662.2、678.8、760.2、840.0、843.5日度处理下蝗卵滞育率为73.1%、58.6%、48.6%、12.1%、0、0;越冬蝗卵部分滞育,滞育率(D)与越冬前卵期有效积温(Y)负相关,D=-0.719Y+82.75,R2=0.774,Y≥115.1日度时蝗卵全部孵化。进一步分析越冬前不同温度积累有效积温对蝗卵滞育影响,结果表明27℃以上有效积温(E)对滞育率(D)影响最显著,呈线性负相关,D=-0.058E+0.732,R2=0.967。越冬蝗卵经历负积温(X)越小,滞育率(D)越低,呈线性负相关:D=-0.155ln(|X|)+1.136,R2=0.970。本文明确了不同时期越冬蝗卵滞育率与有效积温关系,为飞蝗发生期、发生量预测提供理论依据。     

芜菁花叶病毒不同分离物3'-cDNA片段的克隆及序列分析

 从河北、北京、山东泰安和潍坊等地区的萝卜、大白菜、甘蓝、油菜上得到8个芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)分离物,测定了它们3'-末端cDNA片段的序列。根据衣壳蛋白基因(cp)核苷酸序列可以将这8个分离物与另外2个TuMV分离物分为3组:泰安旧镇大白菜(JZBC)、甘蓝(JZGL)和萝卜(JZLB)分离物为一组;北京(BJILB)、潍坊萝卜分离物(WFLB)与引起萝卜红心病的TuMV分离物(WFLB99)为一组;泰安范镇、河北、潍坊(WFLB04)萝卜和泰安旧镇油菜(JZYC)上的TuMV分离物为一组。农壳蛋白氨基酸序列比较结果与此基本一致,所不同的是分离物WFLB99与所有分离物的差异均较大,形成单独一个分支。有必要对TuMV的变异情况和致病机理进行深入研究。     

海南贵妃杧干物质及养分年积累量研究

研究了海南省乐东县贵妃杧干物质及养分年积累量.结果表明,贵妃杧不同器官干物质年积累量从多到少依次为采收果＞修剪叶＞落花及梗＞修剪枝＞落果.不同元素年积累量从多到少依次为氮＞钾＞钙＞磷＞镁＞硫＞锰＞铁＞锌＞硼＞铜.生产1 000 kg贵妃杧,植物养分需求量为干物质496.46kg、氮5.81 kg、磷0.69 kg、钾4.83 kg、钙3.20kg、镁0.48 kg、硫0.35 kg、铁37.91 g、锰155.43 g、铜4.41 g、锌9.49 g、硼9.40 g.