松嫩平原羊草草原枯枝落叶分解中化学成分的变化动态

枯枝落叶在分解过程中，其化学成分发生着改变，营养物质不断地向土壤中释放。在羊草草原上，从４月至１０月间，经过１９５天分解后，枯枝落叶的有机化学成分中，可溶性碳水化合物损失最快，其次是粗脂肪和有机碳，木质素的分解最慢。在无机化学成分中，各元素含量的变化，大多数元素之间有明显的相关性，各营养元素损失大小的顺序是：Ｋ＞Ｐ＞Ｎ＞Ｎａ＞Ｃａ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｍｇ＞ＦｅＣｕ＞Ｚｎ。     

Muscular dystrophy in female dogs

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in dogs and humans is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The dystrophin gene is located on the X chromosome, and, therefore, disease-causing mutations in dystrophin occur most often in males. Therefore, females with dystrophin deficiency or other forms of muscular dystrophy may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze dystrophin and a number of other muscle proteins associated with muscular dystrophy in humans, including sarcoglycans and laminin alpha2, in muscle biopsy specimens from 5 female dogs with pathologic changes consistent with muscular dystrophy. The female dogs were presented with a variety of clinical signs including generalized weakness, muscle wasting, tremors, exercise intolerance, gait abnormalities, and limb deformity. Serum creatine kinase activity was variably high. One dog had no detectable dystrophin in the muscle; another was mosaic, with some fibers normal and others partly dystrophin-deficient. A 3rd dog had normal dystrophin but no detectable laminin alpha2. Two dogs could not be classified. This study demonstrates the occurrence of dystrophin- and laminin alpha2-associated muscular dystrophy and the difficulty in clinical diagnosis of these disorders in female dogs.     

苹果病害智能诊断方法研究与设计

针对传统苹果专家病害诊断系统自学习能力差、准确率低的不足,研究并设计了人工神经网络的苹果病害诊断方法.采用动态编码对苹果病害模糊知识进行量化,构建BP网络诊断模型进行诊断;采用Java语言开发基于Web的病害动态诊断平台,用白水苹果病害样本进行了实验.该方法对20种苹果病害的诊断具有较好的效果,测试准确率达到85.4%.在获得必要领域知识的前提下,用神经网络进行苹果病害诊断准确率高,系统设计灵活,基于Web的诊断平台便于推广和使用.     

青霉素菌体蛋白营养价值评定及应用效果研究

分析结果表明：青霉素菌体蛋白含粗蛋白质４１．０％,钙１．４４％,总磷１．１１％,代谢能水平为９．９６ＫＪ／ｇ,５种主要的氨基酸含量如下：赖氨酸１．８４％,蛋氨酸０．６０％,胱氨酸０．６２％,苏氨酸１．７８％,色氨酸０．５０％;表观消化率分别为：８８．４％,９０．７％,６１．９％,８０．４％,９１．４％。通过饲养实验说明,在蛋鸡全价料中添加３％、５％、７％的青霉素菌体蛋白,可获得不低于玉米－豆粕日粮的生产成绩     

禽霍乱免疫母鸡血清抗体和蛋黄抗体消长规律及其相互关系的研究

通过对禽霍乱菌苗免疫产蛋母鸡的血清和蛋黄的抗体定时检测后发现，免疫母鸡的血清抗体和蛋黄抗体的升降趋势基本一致（ｒ＝０．９４），但后者较前者迟后３～６ｄ；血清抗体和蛋黄抗体的滴度分别在加强免疫后的１～３ｄ和３～６ｄ都有不同程度下降，加强免疫前的滴度越高，免疫后的滴度下降幅度越大；蛋黄抗体水平普遍比血清抗体水平低，两者间的差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），这可能是与禽多杀性巴氏杆菌本身的主要抗原成分（ＴＩ抗原）在鸡体内主要产金ＩｇＭ有关。     

西宁地区宰前生猪囊尾蚴病的ELISA诊断

用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),经适当调整程序,对西宁地区宰前生猪788份血样进行猪囊尾蚴病诊断,检出阳性率为5.20％,明显高于市场卫生检疫及几次用血清学方法的调查结果。用DG3022ELISA监测仪判定和眼观颜色判定结果基本一致,符合率达95％。不同来源生猪检出的阳性率有一定差异(1.76％—7.09％)。     

Clinicopathology of gout in growing layers induced by high calcium and high protein diets

1. An experiment was conducted to test the independent and combined effects of high dietary calcium and protein concentrations on the induction of visceral gout in growing birds of a layer strain. 2. One hundred and sixty healthy birds were randomly divided into 4 groups at 35 d of age. The different groups were given 4 diets containing normal or high concentrations of dietary calcium or crude protein in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment for 30 d. The diets contained normal calcium (Ca) and crude protein (CP) (NCNP, 8.5 g Ca/kg and 175g CP/kg), high calcium and normal protein (HC, 36.3 g Ca/kg and 175 g CP/kg), normal calcium and high protein (HP, 8.8 g Ca/kg and 245 g CP/kg) or high calcium and high protein (HCHP, 36.8 g Ca/kg and 242 g CP/kg), respectively. 3. Typical visceral gout was induced by the HCHP diet. The HCHP and HC diet caused severe kidney damage. The HP diet did not cause kidney damage, but significantly increased plasma uric acid and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. 4. The HC diet significantly increased plasma uric acid, calcium and sodium, but significantly decreased plasma inorganic phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations. The HCHP diet significantly increased plasma uric acid, calcium and sodium. 5. Urine volumes were significantly higher on the HCHP and HC diets than on the control. The growers raised on HC and HCHP diets had significantly higher total quantity of 24 h urinary excretion of uric acid, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus and potassium and a significantly lower 24 h urinary excretion of sodium. The growers fed on the HP diet had a higher 24 h urinary excretion of uric acid and inorganic phosphorus than the control. 6. It is concluded that growing layer birds should not be fed on layer rations.     

中国犬业经济,目前犹如一把葱花

中国犬业经济已显山露水 随着中国经济的稳步发展和居民生活水平的提高,全国各地的养犬数量与日俱升。有报载,北京的有证犬至少有13万余头,总养犬数在100余万头,上海、广州、深圳的养犬量也同样惊人。与此相匹配,国内犬展犬赛月月都有,有的犬售价在几万、几十万、甚至上百万,犬饲料、犬用品用具、犬医疗保健和宠物店更犹如雨后春笋。以犬饲料为例,目前已有二十余种国内外产品投放市场上,     

挤压膨化玉米的糊化度与乳猪料

玉米是饲料中最重要的能量源,被称为饲料之王,其籽粒成分中含约70％左右的淀粉。因此。提高玉米淀粉利用率是提高畜禽养殖增重效率和饲料效率的关键。由于淀粉粒内存在相当比例抗酸抗酶的晶体结构而不利于动物的消化吸收,必须让晶体结构解体（即糊化）才能被酶充分水解而提高消化率。不同的加工方式得到的淀粉糊化度不一样,能耗也不一样。随着淀粉糊化度的提高,能耗也相应提高,那么究竟什么样的淀粉糊化度可以适宜乳猪料生产的需要呢？     

‘玉露香梨’果实发育中细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的变化

为揭示‘玉露香梨’果实发育期质地变化机理。探寻‘玉露香梨’果实细胞壁在果实生长过程中各组分的变化趋势,为梨果实品质调控提供科学依据。通过检测果实发育期细胞壁含量、细胞壁组成物质含量、果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。‘玉露香梨’成熟时细胞壁含量仅为原含量的1/9;细胞壁水溶性果胶和离子型果胶含量呈现上升趋势,而共价结合型果胶含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势; ‘玉露香梨’生长发育期内果胶酶活性呈现上升趋势,成熟期活性上升了3.8倍多,纤维素酶活性在‘玉露香梨’发育期,呈现上升趋势。随着‘玉露香梨’果实的生长发育,细胞壁含量及组分在细胞壁水解酶的作用下,随之发生了变化。