饲料加工中水分在线控制系统研究进展

水分在线控制系统可实时准确检测饲料的水分,并能保证使饲料的水分在国家规定的范围内,且能满足用户的要求。主要的方法是在待制粒仓内检测待制粒料的实时水分,在冷却器排料口检测成品饲料的实时水分;待制粒料的水分是为调质器加水作依据,而成品水分是保证饲料品质的依据。成品水分偏高,可通过控制冷却器风量来降低,水分偏低,又为调质器加水作参考。本系统通过在几个饲料厂的实际应用,证明完全符合设计要求。     

论养蜂业在农业中的地位和作用

本文从农业增产、环境可持续发展、环境监控和治理、守护人类健康、建设"节约型社会"、农民增收、蜂产品出口创汇等方面综述了蜂业在我国农业中的地位和作用,阐述了我国养蜂业在世界的地位,并对今后的发展潜力和趋势进行了预测。     

亚急性铜、镉暴露对鲤肝脏Hsp60表达的影响

试验通过实时定量PCR和Western blot技术,检测重金属铜、镉单一及联合急性暴露后鲤肝脏中Hsp60基因和蛋白水平。鲤随机分为7组,两个Cu2+处理组(0.05 mg/l和0.1 mg/l),两个镉处理组(0.63 mg/l和1.26 mg/l),两个混合处理组(0.045 mg/l和0.09 mg/l)和对照组。结果表明铜、镉单一及联合急性暴露对鲤有毒性作用,经过96 h的暴露,除混合低浓度组之外,其余各组肝脏中Hsp60基因表达水平显著提高(P0.05)。受重金属暴露的影响,初期鲤肝脏中Hsp60蛋白水平下降,随着时间推移,蛋白水平逐渐上升,混合低浓度组显著高于对照组水平(P0.05)。     

芦花鸡PRKAG3基因单核苷酸多态性及与肉质性状的相关性分析

为研究芦花鸡PRKAG3基因的多态性及与肉质性状相关性,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测PRKAG3基因外显子11的遗传多态性。结果检测到TT、TG和GG三种基因型,测序结果证实在2832位点存在T→G突变,为有意突变,统计分析表明,此多态位点与芦花鸡呈显著相关,pH值为GG基因型极显著低于TG基因型和TT基因型(P<0.01),而TG基因型显著低于TT基因型(P<0.05);其它肉质性状在不同基因型间差异不显著。此结果提示,PRKAG3基因对芦花鸡pH值具有较大的遗传效应,可以初步推断PRKAG3是控制这一性状的众多基因之一,可能是影响芦花鸡pH值的一个主效基因或与主效基因相连锁,可作为选育芦花鸡pH值的分子标记,用于标记辅助选择意义重大。     

发酵豆粕对仔猪早期断奶应激及增重效果的影响

仔猪早期断奶是提高母猪繁殖利用率的重要措施,但早期断奶应激容易导致仔猪断奶后食欲下降,消化机能紊乱,腹泻等“仔猪早期断奶综合症”.发酵豆粕因富含植物小肽,易于动物的消化吸收等多种优点,适用于幼龄、病弱、应激等特殊生理状况下的仔猪.本试验选用市场上常用的一种同类产品与一种新开发的发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪上进行饲喂对比.结果表明:这种新开发的产品对缓解仔猪早期断奶应激引起的胃肠机能紊乱明显优于对照产品,其稀便发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);平均日增重、料肉比高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05).     

鄂温克旗退化草地现状与草业的可持续发展

通过对鄂温克旗天然草地资源23年(1974～1997)的动态分析,阐明了自治旗天然草地退化的现状、特征、趋势和导致草地退化的主要原因,并提出了相应的可持续发展措施.     

美国黑豚养殖技术

美国黑豚属野生皮毛兽种类,是食草哺乳动物,形态小而肥胖,通身黑色与兔十分相似,成龄黑豚体重一般在800g左右,最重可达到1500-2000g,前肢短小,不善跳跃,行动敏捷。皮毛丰厚细密、黑亮光涌,是加工高档裘皮服装和工艺饰品的加工原料,豚肉是味道鲜美的上等佳品,其血液是提取歧氧化酶的最理想原料。具有很高的经济值和利用价值。     

加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响

为了解加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响,用不同加热温度(80 ℃、95℃)、剪切速度(600 r/min、1200 r/min)和冷却方法(冰水冷却、自然冷却)制作了4种再制干酪样品,并分别测定了样品的融化功能特性(融化性)和非融化功能特性(硬度、凝聚性、粘着性).结果表明,加热温度、搅拌速度的提高和冷却速度的降低明显降低了再制千酪的融化性(P＜0.05);剪切速度的升高使再制干酪的硬度显著提高(P＜0.05);加热温度的升高降低了再制干酪的凝聚性(P＜0.05);而加工条件对再制干酪粘着性的影响在统计学上无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

混播比例对牧草及其青贮料降解效果的影响

为研究无芒雀麦与紫花苜蓿不同比例混播对牧草及其青贮品质的影响,本试验采用人工瘤胃技术,分析其体外降解率及降解液的pH值、NH3-N浓度和产气量的变化.结果表明,混播与单播苜蓿相比,显著降低饲草降解液的pH值(P＜0.01)、NH3-N(P＜0.01)含量,对产气量影响不显著(P＞0.05).青贮后,混播与单播苜蓿相比,降低青贮料降解液的pH值、NH3-N含量和产气量,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).