Evaluation and scenario simulation for forest ecological security in China

Continuously growing populations and rapid economic development have led to the excessive use of forest resources,and the forest ecosystem is threatened.In response,forest ecological security(FES)has attracted attention.In this study,an integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the system dynamic method,and it was used to evaluate the FES in China from 1999 to 2014.A scenario analysis was then used to evaluate the changes in the FES under five forestry policy scenarios for the 2015–2050 period,including the baseline,afforestation policy,harvesting policies,management policy,investment policy,and a policy mix.The results showed that the evaluation values of the FES increased during the period from 1999 to 2002,the period from 2004 to 2010 and the year 2014,and they decreased in 2003 and during the period from 2011 to 2013.During the 2015–2050 simulation period,the FES improved continuously.In particular,China would enter a new stage when the economic systems,social systems and ecosystems were in harmony after 2040.To improve the FES and the current status of the FES,a scenario analysis showed the most suitable scenario to be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2020 and Scenario 2 from 2021 to 2050.To relieve pressure,the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2040 and from 2046 to 2050,and the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 4 for 2041–2045.A policy mix(Scenario 5)would be most efficient under current conditions,while the effects of all the benefits of the forestry policies would weaken over the long term.The integrated method can be regarded as a decision support tool to help policy makers understand FES and promulgate a reasonable forestry policy.     

黑龙江省湿地保护与管理探讨

随着生态文明建设的提出,湿地保护与管理工作越来越受到各级政府的重视,将湿地保护工作放在落实环境保护基本国策和实施可持续发展战略的突出位置。加强黑龙江省湿地保护与管理,加大湿地资源保护力度,已经纳入当地政府的重要议事日程。各级政府部门应加强领导,通过建立湿地资源监测体系,制定区域保护规划等方面进行湿地保护管理,从而加强我国的生态文明建设,保护我们生存的环境。     

空中森林步道发展概况与功能特点分析

空中森林步道是穿行于林冠层的一种独特的林中线路形式,是近年来新兴的一种步道形式,受到公众的喜爱。文中在概述国内外空中森林步道建设与发展概况的基础上,阐述了空中森林步道的4个特点:1）穿行林冠层,生态康养价值高;2）路面平缓,适宜人群广;3）视线开阔,景观丰富度高;4）受有毒、有害因素影响小,安全性高。分析了空中森林步道在视觉景观、运动游憩、康养、科普教育4个方面的主要承载功能,并对今后我国空中森林步道的建设提出展望,以期为我国空中森林步道的设计和建设提供参考。     

石油烃污染土壤生物修复工程实例

针对江苏某原油管道泄露石油污染土壤开展了修复治理工程,修复土方量共计4902.5m3,工程采用异位生物修复对石油烃污染土壤进行了无害化处理,所用生物修复药剂为森诺公司自主研发的营养盐。工程结果表明:对于该项目初始浓度约为45000mg/kg的石油烃污染土壤,通过森诺自研发营养元素刺激土著菌的生长,在适宜条件下,土壤中的石油烃能够达到项目的修复目标值(≤4500mg/kg)。工程项目石油烃污染土壤生物降解最优条件为:药剂投加比为2%,pH值为中性7,含水率为35%,降解时间为90d;增加药剂投加量和降解时间能提高污染土壤中石油烃的去除率,在土壤含水率为20%～50%或pH值为6～8的范围内,过高或过低的土壤含水率和pH值会抑制生物对土壤中石油烃的微生物降解。     

某型飞机起落架控制系统的优化

针对某型飞机起落架收放装置在飞机起落过程中出现的故障,包括起落架自动收起不到位、液压系统液压油因漏油使压力不能保持稳定、应急控制活门异常等故障,设计了一种新的控制系统,该控制系统在原有的控制系统基础上进行了优化,主要包括液压系统和电气控制系统,使用结果表明:这两个系统相互配合提高了飞机起落架在收放过程中的可靠性、稳定性和安全系数,同时避免了液压系统液压油漏油及应急控制活门异常等故障,可顺利实现起落架的正常收放及应急状况下起落架的释放。     

Crocin and geniposide profiles and radical scavenging activity of gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation

The major components of gardenia fruits are geniposide and water soluble pigment crocins. In this study, we investigate crocins and geniposide profiles of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation. DPPH scavenging activity of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of fruit maturation was also assayed. Quantitative determination of crocins in the gardenia at the various stages of maturation revealed a significant increase when ripening. However, geniposide content was negatively correlated with ripening stages. A significant difference was observed when comparing crocin content of different gardenia from various cultivars and geniposide content also showed marked variety. Current study indicated no relationship between crocin and geniposide content in gardenia fruits at the various stages of maturation and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Data showed that, although crocins feature markedly less DPPH scavenging activity than gardenia ethanol extract, total crocin content of gardenias collected in various cultivars correlate, to a certain degree, with radical scavenging effects of the Chinese traditional medicine (r = 0.75).     

卫生间楼地面管孔补洞施工质量控制

本文对建筑施工及使用过程中出现的卫生间楼地面渗漏问题,做了广泛的调查及研究,并提出了相关的解决方法和补救措施。     

ＦＲ—１、ＦＲ—２及ＰＦ树脂对木材阻燃、防腐、尺寸稳定等效果的研究

功能性改良药剂ＦＲ－１、ＦＲ－２及ＰＦ树脂处理马尾松、毛白杨后对木材阻燃、防腐、尺寸稳定及ＭＯＥ／ＭＯＲ的研究结果表明，ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松吸药量为３４．５kg/m^3时，氧指数可达６１％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨达到阻燃标准时，其用药理根据板材的厚度进行了初步确定，剂量范围为３０－９０kg/m^3。ＦＲ－１及ＦＲ－２在达到阻燃用药量的同时，处理后的马尾松、毛白杨耐腐试验的重量损失率小于或按拉１０％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨、吸药量分别为７５．６及９３．５kg/m^3时，吸水至饱和时，木材抗湿胀率（antiswelling ef-ficacy,ASE)分别为３０％、４６％；ＰＦ树脂处理的马尾松、毛白杨 、吸药量分别为７９．０％、６３．８kg/m^3时，ＡＳＥ分别为４６．２％、４１．４％。各处理对抗弯弹性模具（ＭＯＥ）影响为，ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松，ＭＯＥ差异不明显，ＦＲ－１处理的毛白杨，ＭＯＥ增加幅度为６．１％，ＰＦ树脂处理的马尾松，毛白杨、ＭＯＥ增加幅度分别为１０．６％及１７．９％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨对抗弯强度（ＭＯＲ）影响不明显。     

试论西部地区生态科技产业的构建

文章根据西部地区的特点和生态建设的性质 ,提出创新产业机制 ,挖掘人才 ,以生物高科技为核心技术 ,充分应用现代农业技术 ,构建生态科技产业的途径。提高西部风蚀沙化地的利用水平 ,促进产业结构调整 ,加快区域特色经济的产业化进程 ,实现本地区可持续发展。     

不同树龄油茶林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响

以岑溪软枝油茶(Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera)无性系林分为研究对象,分析幼龄期(2年生)、结果初期(5年生)和盛产期(8年生) 3种林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响。结果表明:3种油茶林分中土壤养分总量差异显著,2年生油茶林分中有机质和水解性氮含量最高,5年油茶林分中有效磷含量最高,8年生油茶林分中速效钾含量最高。水平方向上,4种土壤养分在不同林地中分布较为均匀;垂直方向上,4种养分主要分布在土壤中上层0～30 cm处,整体上元素含量随着土层深度的加深而减少。偏相关分析表明:水解性氮对细根生物量的作用主要表现在40～60 cm土层;有效磷细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～40 cm土层,表现为不同程度的正相关性;速效钾对细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～20 cm土层中,表现为显著的负相关。有机质和有效磷与细根生物量呈极显著相关。