猪细小病毒VLPs供外源蛋白插入的候选位点发现及其重组PCV2-ORF2的病毒样颗粒构建

先将猪细小病毒(PPV)SC-1株VP2基因扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体构建质粒pMD-VP2;设计两对引物(分别引入Hind Ⅲ和Sac Ⅰ两个酶切位点)扩增猪圆环病毒二型(PCV2)SC株ORF2基因,构建了pMD-ORF2.A和pMD-ORF2.B两质粒;经相应内切酶酶切后回收目的片段,插入PPV SC-1株VP2基因的Hind Ⅲ和Sac Ⅰ两个特异限制酶切位点处(分别对应于PPV VP2蛋白N端和C端1/3处),得到重组质粒pPVP2-ORF2.A和pPVP2-ORF2.B.经鉴定后的质粒pPVP2-ORF2.A和pPVP2-ORF2.B用Kpn Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ和ApaL Ⅰ三酶切,回收含VP2和ORF2基因的目的片段克隆至真核表达载体(pEGFP-C1),得到重组质粒pEGFP.VO.A和pEGFP.VO.B.脂质体法转染重组质粒于Cos7细胞后,采用荧光显微镜和电镜观察基因表达情况,结果仅在转染pEGFP.VO.A的样品中观察到了病毒样颗粒(VLPs).纯化VLPs免疫小鼠,结果显不能产生较好的细胞免疫和针对PPV和PCV2的特异性体液免疫,该结果表明研究中获得了PCV VP1-PCV2ORF2重组VLPs,同时也揭示PPV VPLs的N端1/3适于外源蛋白插入构建重组VLPs     

19-去甲睾酮人工抗原及免疫学特性

合成19-去甲睾酮(19-NT)人工抗原,并进行免疫学特性鉴定.丁二酸酐法衍生化19-NT,制备17β-19-NT琥珀酸酯半抗原,其质谱和核磁共振NMR谱表明合成成功.分别用EDC法和混合酸酐法将半抗原与BSA(bovine serum albumin)和OVA(ovalbumin)偶联,制备免疫和检测抗原,并进行紫外扫描和红外光谱鉴定,NT与BSA偶联比为18:1.用NT-BSA免疫Balb/C小鼠(Mus muscalus)制备NT多克隆抗体,间接ELISA效价达到1:25 600.间接竞争ELISA的IC50为27.3 ng/mL,线性检测范围为3.3～225.0 ng/mL,最低检测限为1.6 ng/mL.纯化后的抗体与17α-去甲睾酮的交叉反应率为69%,与其它激素的交叉反应率均<0.05%.制备的抗体灵敏度高、特异性强,为试剂盒和试纸条的研制提供基础资料.     

Electrochemical Production of Ferrate (Iron VI): Application to the Wastewater Treatment on a Laboratory Scale and Comparison with Iron (III) Coagulant

This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of ferrate(VI), FeO ₄ ^2? , and ferric, Fe(III), towards wastewater treatment. The ferrate(VI) was produced by electrochemical synthesis, using steel electrodes in a 16 M NaOH solution. Domestic wastewater collected from Hailsham North Wastewater Treatment Works was treated with ferrate(VI) and ferric sulphate (Fe(III)). Samples were analysed for suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and P removal. Results for low doses of Fe(VI) were validated via a reproducibility study. Removal of phosphorous reached 40% with a Fe(VI) dose as low as 0.01 mg/L compared to 25% removal with 10 mg/L of Fe(III). For lower doses (<1 mg/L as Fe), Fe(VI) can achieve between 60% and 80% removals of SS and COD, but Fe(III) performed even not as well as the control sample where no iron chemical was dosed. The ferrate solution was found to be stable for a maximum of 50 min, beyond which Fe(VI) is reduced to less oxidant species. This provided the maximum allowed storage time of the electrochemically produced ferrate(VI) solution. Results demonstrated that low addition of ferrate(VI) leads to good removal of P, BOD, COD and suspended solids from wastewater compared to ferric addition and further studies could bring an optimisation of the dosage and treatment.     

Effects of Land Use on Hydrochemistry and Contamination of Karst Groundwater from Nandong Underground River System, China

The Nandong Underground River System (NURS) is located in Southeast Yunnan Province, China. Groundwater in NURS plays a critical role in socio-economical development of the region. However, with the rapid increase of population in recent years, groundwater quality has degraded greatly. In this study, the analysis of 36 groundwater samples collected from springs in both rain and dry seasons shows significant spatial disparities and slight seasonal variations of major element concentrations in the groundwater. In addition, results from factor analysis indicate that NO ₃ ^? , Cl^?, SO ₄ ^2? , Na⁺, K⁺, and EC in the groundwater are mainly from the sources related to human activities while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ^? , and pH are primarily controlled by water–rock interactions in karst system with Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^? somewhat from anthropogenic inputs. With the increased anthropogenic contaminations, the groundwater chemistry changes widely from Ca-HCO₃ or Ca (Mg)-HCO₃ type to Ca-Cl (+NO₃) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO₃), and Ca-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) type. Concentrations of NO ₃ ^? , Cl^?, SO ₄ ^2? , Na⁺, and K⁺ generally show an indistinct grouping with respect to land use types, with very high concentrations observed in the groundwater from residential and agricultural areas. This suggests that those ions are mainly derived from sewage effluents and fertilizers. No specific land use control on the Mg²⁺ ion distribution is observed, suggesting Mg²⁺ is originated from natural dissolution of carbonate rocks. The distribution of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^? does not show any distinct land use control either, except for the samples from residential zones, suggesting the Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^- mainly come from both natural dissolution of carbonate rocks and sewage effluents.     

菜籽油脱臭馏出物中生物柴油的分子蒸馏分离工艺研究

为了实现脱臭馏出物的清洁加工,运用分子蒸馏技术分离菜籽油脱臭馏出物中合成的生物柴油,考察了分子蒸馏的操作参数对生物柴油回收率的影响,研究结果表明：当系统压力为5.3 Pa,蒸发面温度120℃,进料温度70℃,刮膜转速150 r/min,进料速率120 mL/h时,生物柴油回收率达到41 g/100 mL。馏出物经高分辨气相色谱-质谱进行分离鉴定,共检出6种脂肪酸甲酯成分：其中棕榈酸甲酯33.61%,油酸甲酯16.14%,亚油酸甲酯18.25%,硬脂酸甲酯8.81%,芥酸甲酯7.39%,贡多酸甲酯3.78%,脂肪酸甲酯总含量占89%以上。     

基于极化分解和集成学习的PolSAR影像分类

为实现PolSAR数据极化信息的充分利用,以进一步改善分类效果,该研究提出了一种基于极化分解和集成学习的PolSAR影像分类方法。该方法首先利用多种极化分解方法从PolSAR影像中提取极化参数;将提取的极化参数组合成一幅多通道影像;然后对多通道影像进行分割和特征提取,分别提取出各目标极化分解方法所对应的特征;并进行特征选择和分类,得到各目标极化分解方法的分类结果;最后利用集成学习技术对各分类结果进行集成。该研究以吉林省长春市部分区域为研究区,Radarsat2影像为数据源,将提出的方法应用于土地覆被分类中,取得了较好的分类效果,总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到了92.49%和0.90。此外,该研究还将提出方法与其他基于多种极化分解的分类方法进行比较,对比方法的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为90.74%和0.88,比提出方法分别低1.75%和0.02,对比结果进一步证明了提出方法的优越性。     

影响PCR-SSCP的因素分析

ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ是一种基于ＰＣＲ的单链构象多态性（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｓｔｒａｎｄｅｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ）分析技术,是ＤＮＡ已知突变的检测或未知变异分析中十分常用和实用的技术之一,本研究从非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的配制、样品的变性处理、电泳条件,显色方法和结果分析等方面对影响ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ实验室操作的因素进行了分析,并结合作者的经验给出了大小在１００～２００ｂｐ范围以内的     

神府煤田土壤颗粒分形及降雨对径流产沙的影响

神府煤田在开发建设过程中造成的扰动地面、弃土体、弃渣体产生了严重的人为水土流失。采用野外人工模拟降雨试验方法,研究了土壤分形维数及降雨强度对未扰动地面、扰动地面、弃土体及弃渣体径流产沙的影响。结果表明,(1)弃土体、弃渣体随产流历时呈现突增—下降—稳定的过程,扰动地面和未扰动地面则经历上升—稳定的产流过程,各下垫面径流率均随着雨强的增大而增大。(2)各下垫面土壤颗粒分形维数的大小为D1(弃渣体)D2(弃土体)D3(扰动地面)D4(未扰动地面),次降雨径流量与降雨强度、分形维数分别呈显著的线性、幂函数关系,且D1~D2及D3~D4之间存在用以区分下垫面类型的临界分形维数值。(3)弃渣体侵蚀过程线呈先波动后稳定趋势,弃土体则呈多峰多谷特点,扰动地面和未扰动地面在1.0~2.5 mm min-1雨强下侵蚀速率均先增大后逐渐稳定,3.0 mm min-1时二者侵蚀速率则波动剧烈。四种下垫面平均侵蚀速率均随着雨强的增大而增大。(4)次降雨产沙量与降雨强度、分形维数均呈显著的幂函数关系。(5)径流量、产沙量与雨强和分形维数分别呈显著的线性、指数函数关系。分形维数对矿区土壤侵蚀模型的建立有重要的科学意义。     

辽宁省水稻育插秧机械化发展研究

水稻是辽宁省主要作物,水稻机械化育插秧是水稻生产全程机械化中的薄弱环节。阐述辽宁省为提高水稻机械化栽植水平采取的一系列措施及取得的成效,分析水稻育插秧技术推广中存在的问题及主要原因,并提出对策与发展建议。     

不同锌源及添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其生物学利用率评价

本试验旨在研究碱式氯化锌(BZC)和蛋白锌(PRZ)相对于一水合硫酸锌(ZSM)的生物学利用率以及对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。采用双因素(3×3+1)完全随机试验设计,选取720只1日龄健康雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为10个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,3个ZSM组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg ZSM的饲粮,3个BZC组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg BZC的饲粮,3个PRZ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加20、40和80 mg/kg PRZ的饲粮。各组不同锌源添加量均以锌计。试验期42 d,分为1～14日龄、15～28日龄和29～42日龄3个阶段。分别在14和28日龄时,从各重复中选取1只接近平均体重的鸡进行屠宰,测定血浆锌含量和抗氧化指标、组织锌含量以及胰脏锌相关蛋白基因表达水平。结果表明：1)1～14日龄,与对照组相比,饲粮添加不同锌源和添加不同水平锌显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)和14日龄体重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),且以添加40 mg...