基于主题图的农业模型描述与表示方法

为了提升不同学科模型资源的共享与管理能力,提出了一种新的农业模型描述与表示方法。它以模型组件描述信息为元数据来生成不同层次主题图。首先分析农业模型特征,建立农业模型与模型组件之间的映射关系;然后,抽取农业模型组件刻面与关联描述信息,构建了农业模型组件描述模型（DM-AMC）,进一步将DM-AMC表示为主题类型、关联类型、事件类型以及关联角色;最后,通过实例化并采用匹配融合算法生成了面向农业模型组件的主题图（TM-AMC）。研究以作物生育期模型为例,生成了统一描述与可动态扩展的原子主题图XTM文档。通过对农业模型信息的统一描述,并以DM-AMC为基础生成多层次、便于统一访问的TM-AMC,可提升农业模型信息的全局共享与管理能力。     

Comparison of metabolic profiling of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and extracts from blueberry in aged mice

The metabonomics changes of plasma and brain tissue after dietary supplementation with blueberry extracts (BBE) and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside from blueberry (BBM) in aged mice were investigated by (1)H NMR technique. The mice received intragastric administration of BBE (200 mg/kg/day), BBM (50 mg/kg/day), and saline water (0.9%) for 6 weeks, respectively, in the BBE, BBM, and control groups. At the end of the experiment, plasma and brain samples were collected for NMR analysis. The results demonstrated that the level of choline in plasma from BBE and BBM groups were obviously elevated relative to the control group, whereas the levels of lactate and phosphocholine in plasma were remarkably reduced. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of choline and GABA in the brain from the BBE group were obviously increased, whereas glutamate and phosphocholine in the BBE group were significantly decreased. The level of taurine in the brain from the BBM group was particularly higher than that in the control group. These results indicated supplementation with BBE or BBM might induce similar changes of endogenous plasma and brain metabolic profiles in aged mice.     

Isolation and identification of the DNA aptamer target to acetamiprid

As an alternative to antibodies, aptamers have a great potential as analytical tools for pesticide detection. In this work, aptamers targeting acetamiprid were selected by a specific systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategy, where a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library was immobilized and target modification was eliminated. After 18 rounds of repeated selection, the ssDNA pool was enriched and then 14 sequences were selected and carefully identified. At last, an acetamiprid-specific aptamer with the apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) estimated to be 4.98 μM was successfully obtained. Further work is ongoing to develop an aptamer-based detection method for field determination of this pesticides in agricultural products and environmental samples.     

荧光成像技术在植物病害检测的应用研究进展

植物病害阻碍植物正常生长,对蔬菜产品品质安全造成威胁,病害检测可以有效控制植物病害发展,是提高果蔬品质安全和可持续生产能力的一个重要途径。所有的绿色植物在受到紫外光或可见光激发时,都会发出可见光波段的荧光。基于植物荧光的成像技术,是利用计算机模拟人眼的视觉功能,在不破坏植株外观且不影响其生长的情况下,获取植物的荧光图像,并通过图像处理算法,对植物的健康状况做出判断。本文对荧光成像技术及其在植物病害检测中的研究进行了综述,介绍了荧光成像的原理,分别从叶绿素荧光和其他色素荧光两方面总结了国内外研究现状。与可见光成像、高光谱成像、多光谱成像以及热成像技术相比,该技术具有可获取植物内部信息、受温湿度影响小、不局限于晴天采集、价格合理等优点。     

花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析与参数优化

通过对4H-2型花生收获机传动系统的运动机理分析,得到了该收获机传动部件的运动规律以及传动部件中主要参数的关系表达式。以提高作业质量、延长机具寿命、简化结构布局、确保动力传动的高效可靠为目标,建立了传动机构的优化模型。利用Matlab等相关软件,对4H-2型花生收获机的传动机构进行了优化分析,确定了主要杆件的尺寸,提高了4H-2型花生收获机的性能与工作可靠性,降低了造价。     

CO2气调防治储粮害虫试验仓的研制与应用

通过CO2气调防治储粮害虫试验仓的研制及应用试验,提出了试验仓在试验中应考虑的因素及解决的方法,例如,试验仓的密封问题、充气与补气的问题、测试装置的布置与参数的采集、虫笼的放取与虫情的检查等。试验仓的试验结果为,杀虫的最佳温度是(25±3)℃,CO2达到25%~35%,杀虫的持续时间为10d以上,从而为实际应用CO2防治储粮害虫提供了可靠的依据。分析了在农村建造小型钢板仓的可行性,为全面推广CO2气调防治储粮害虫技术奠定了基础。     

北京地区冬小麦播种机选型试验与分析

为了提高北京地区冬小麦播种质量,参照播种机国家标准和小麦播种机播种质量的检测指标,试验筛选了6种常用的冬小麦播种机,在2种耕整地方式下进行了田间播种选型试验。结果表明：在秸秆粉碎+重耙的耕整地方式下,大华2BMYF-9型旋耕条播机与郓农2BMFZS-12型振动深松播种机为适宜播种机型;在秸秆粉碎+重耙+翻耕+旋耕的耕整地方式下,郓农2BMFZS-12型振动深松播种机与鑫飞达2BMF-9型播种机为适宜播种机型。用户可根据不同的耕整地方式,选择相适应的小麦播种机。     

甘薯起垄机适应性试验与分析

京郊地区甘薯生产机械化技术落后,专用机具短缺。甘薯起垄机多为简易制作的起垄机或用其他起垄机具代替,起垄质量差,垄形不统一,影响甘薯生长,造成土地浪费。开展了甘薯起垄机适应性试验,筛选适宜京郊地区甘薯起垄作业的机型。选择1-QL型起垄机、1-GQL-2型起垄机和1-GKN-2型甘薯起垄机3种机型进行试验,检测结果表明,1-GQL-2和1-QL均可满足标准要求,1-QL适宜小型地块作业,1-GQL-2适宜大型地块作业。     

玉米精量播种机适应性试验与分析

玉米精量点播技术可提高玉米产量,省工节本,增加经济效益,而京郊地区此技术应用较少。为了在北京地区推广玉米精量播种技术,开展了玉米精量播种机适应性试验,明确适宜推广应用的播种机型。根据京郊地块特色选择库恩MAXIMA-6、迪尔1030-4和2BMF-4型玉米精量播种机参与试验,试验结果表明,3种机型均可达到NY/T 1628—2008《玉米免耕播种机作业质量》要求,库恩MAXIMA-6、迪尔1030-4适宜成方连片大型地块播种作业,2BMF-4适宜小型地块作业。     

农机化与农业结构调整的适应性研究

本文阐述了农机化与农业结构调整适应性的内涵、特征与影响因素,并在分析过去与现在农机化与农业结构调整适应性问题的基础上,提出了今后农机化发展的适应性战略构思