欧盟国家非洲猪瘟流行情况及对我国防控工作的启示

非洲猪瘟(ASF)1957年首次扩散到欧洲,2014年再次从高加索地区传入,并迅速在波罗的海周边国家蔓延,至2018年4月已扩散至欧盟8个成员国,且逐渐呈现地方性流行态势。本文重点介绍了欧洲国家的ASF扩散史,综述了病毒在欧盟国家扩散的主要途径,梳理了欧盟的ASF防控法规和措施,并对我国ASF防控提出了建议,以期为ASF防控提供帮助。     

应用套入式聚合酶链反应(Nested-PCR)检测蓝舌病病毒的研究

本实验建立了一种Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ方法。应用方法检测５株标准株蓝舌病病毒（Ｔ４、Ｔ１０、Ｔ１１、Ｔ１６、Ｔ２０）和５株国内蓝舌病病毒分离株（ＣＦ４、ＡＦ６、Ｚ１、Ｈ１、Ｇ１４）,检测结果均为阳性,而检测相关环状病毒（ＥＨＤ２、ＥＨＤ６、Ｉｂｒａｋｉ）,检测结果均生。研究证明,此方法可检测到３．５ｆｇ的ＢＴＶ－ＲＮＡ,灵敏度较高。该方法成功区分了蓝病病毒和相关环状病毒,比血清学方法更加优势,在临床     

滨州市推广紫穗槐产业发展有关问题探讨

该文阐述了紫穗槐的特性,提出了滨州市推广种植紫穗槐的重要性和可行性,并进行了效益分析。     

2015—2016年广西梧州市主要病毒性猪病的检测与分析

采用RT-PCR及PCR技术,对广西梧州市7个县（市、区）屠宰场2015—2016年送检的1 304份猪组织样品（肺脏、淋巴结、脾脏）进行高致病性蓝耳病病毒（HPRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸检测,对7个规模场送检的70份病死猪组织病料样品（肺脏、淋巴结、脾脏）进行HPRRSV、CSFV、伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、圆环病毒（PCV）核酸检测。采用ELISA技术,对梧州市7个县（市、区）送检的8 572份血清检测猪瘟免疫抗体,对2 066份血清检测猪蓝耳病免疫抗体。结果显示：HPRRSV、CSFV核酸检测均为阴性;规模场病死猪组织病料的PRV核酸阳性率为14.3%,PCV为57.1%;猪瘟免疫抗体合格率为90.41%,蓝耳病免疫抗体合格率为73.48%。监测结果表明：梧州市流行的生猪高热病主要涉及猪伪狂犬病和猪圆环病毒病2种病毒病;猪蓝耳病和猪瘟的强制免疫,有效控制了该地主要猪病毒性疫病的发生与流行。     

我国部分地区Sicinivirus流行病学调查

Sicinivirus是一种禽类新发病毒,可引起家禽发育迟缓综合症、腹泻、吸收不良综合征等.目前,仅部分国家开展了该病毒的流行病学调查,研究数据极为有限.为明确该病毒在我国的流行情况,以及该病毒感染率与地域、宿主、养殖方式之间的关系,2019年下半年在江苏、广西、河北、安徽、广东、上海、湖北和江西8个省(自治区、直辖市...     

我国部分地区病死畜禽无害化处理中心病原灭活情况调查

为了解我国病死畜禽无害化处理环节病原灭活效果,2020年对11个省(自治区)52个病死畜禽无害化处理中心开展抽样检测、问卷调查.通过对样品进行病毒核酸检测和病毒核酸阳性样品病原活性检测发现,化制法、发酵法、碳化法、酸解法均可灭活非洲猪瘟、猪瘟、口蹄疫和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种疫病病原.通过问卷调查发现,无害化处理中心因...     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

论养蜂业在农业中的地位和作用

本文从农业增产、环境可持续发展、环境监控和治理、守护人类健康、建设"节约型社会"、农民增收、蜂产品出口创汇等方面综述了蜂业在我国农业中的地位和作用,阐述了我国养蜂业在世界的地位,并对今后的发展潜力和趋势进行了预测。     

动物疫病区域化管理的新模式——生物安全隔离区划

2003年,OIE提出了动物疫病区域化政策的新理念——生物安全隔离区划(Compartmentalisation),即通过采取生物安全管理控制措施等手段,建设基于企业水平的无疫生物安全隔离区。从2004年起,OIE先后在《陆生动物卫生法典》和《OIE公告》中提出了定义、评价和确认生物安全隔离区的原则、要素和步骤建议,为世界各国开展生物安全隔离区建设评估工作提供了方向性指导。虽然生物安全隔离区划的概念提出时间较短,但作为一种全新的动物疫病区域化管理模式,生物安全隔离区划已经引起了世界范围的广泛关注,美国、泰国等畜牧业发达国家均在积极研究探索生物安全隔离区建设评估的模式。     

美国黑豚养殖技术

美国黑豚属野生皮毛兽种类,是食草哺乳动物,形态小而肥胖,通身黑色与兔十分相似,成龄黑豚体重一般在800g左右,最重可达到1500-2000g,前肢短小,不善跳跃,行动敏捷。皮毛丰厚细密、黑亮光涌,是加工高档裘皮服装和工艺饰品的加工原料,豚肉是味道鲜美的上等佳品,其血液是提取歧氧化酶的最理想原料。具有很高的经济值和利用价值。