新疆塔里木盆地两河流域野生麻资源调查

麻具有药用、轻纺、保健、造纸、制作药烟、蜜源等多种经济价值.新疆塔里木盆地两河(叶尔羌河、塔里木河)流域是野生麻(大叶白麻Poacynum hendersonii、白麻P.pictum、罗布麻Apocynum venetum)的主要产区,其中大叶白麻分布广,面积大,储量多.按有关分类方法,将野生麻资源划分为6个群系12个群丛.野生麻分布面积23.56万hm2,有麻面积18.12万hm2,其中大叶白麻占99.51%;白麻占0.49%.鲜麻总产量59.35万t,折合干麻总产量24.41万t.为更好的利用野生麻资源,在对其种类、分布、面积、生物量调查的基础上,对麻的开发前景、野生麻田的保护管理及改良培育、人工麻田的建立、科技攻关5个方面提出了建议.     

对上海市区县兽医实验室设置问题的思考

阐述了目前上海市区(县)兽医系统实验室设置情况比较混乱,部分区兽医系统实验室已转/并至农产品检测中心,名称五花八门,由此出现的问题也层出不断的情况.根据《动物防疫法》《应急条例》等法律法规,对动物疫病预防控制机构及兽医系统实验室承担的职责进行梳理,汇总和分析后,得出结论:区(县)兽医系统实验室应依法设置于动物疫病预防控制机构,疫病监测与诊断是兽医系统实验室法律所赋予的主要职能,与以检测为主的农产品安全检测中心有着本质的区别,剥离了兽医实验室的区(县)动物疫病预防控制机构,无法真正履行好其法定职责.并提出了相应的解决方案与建议.     

动物营养学研究方法进展

综述了动物营养学研究方法的发展历程,即由传统动物营养学向系统动物营养学的发展,以及各学科在动物营养研究方法中的应用。     

地中海水牛人工授精效果研究

[目的]为了解意大利地中海水牛冻精的授精效果及其在我国生长适应情况。[方法]利用国内首次引进意大利地中海水牛冻精与我国现有的摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛进行人工授精,试验选取自然发情的摩拉水牛20头,尼里水牛16头,本地水牛32头,年龄在2.5~9岁之间,采用直肠把握子宫角深部输精法,配种后40 d应用B超进行早期妊娠诊断怀孕情况。[结果]：摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛受胎率分别为50.00%、75.00%、56.25%,平均人工授精配种受胎率为58.82%,品种间人工授精受胎率差异不显著（P〉0.1）。[结论]表明引进地中海水牛冻精开展杂交组合,改良我国现有的水牛品种,提高其生产性能是切实可行的。     

两株水牛伊氏锥虫内转录间隔区基因序列的测定与系统进化关系

为研究从水牛分离到的伊氏锥虫广西株和湖北株的分类学地位,对2株伊氏锥虫的核糖体基因内转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)基因进行了克隆和测序分析.用CLUSTALXl.83软件多重比对分析了序列差异,应用MEGA4.0软件绘制系统进化树.结果表明,这2株水牛伊氏锥虫的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA基因扩增产物分别为1 102 bp和1 095 bp,序列存在多态性,其中广西株的ITS-1序列长为340 bp,ITS-2序列长为582 bp,湖北株的ITS-1序列长为339bp,ITS-2序列长为587 bp.系统进化分析显示,这2株伊氏锥虫分布在同一大枝的不同亚群中.     

乳牛舍内环境空气中细菌数量与乳房炎的关系研究

采用自然沉降法对规模化泌乳奶牛舍内消毒前后空气细菌含量进行检测,同时对泌乳牛群进行乳房炎调查,对乳房炎奶牛乳汁中病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,不同的牛舍不同的培养基其结果均不相同,NA培养基菌落数最高达77.8×103cfu/m3,S.S培养基在多个分布点无细菌生长。牛舍经过消毒后环境空气中的细菌总数大幅度减少,运动场空气细菌总数明显低于舍内。奶牛乳房炎的发生率与牛舍环境空气中的细菌总数呈正相关,细菌总数多的牛舍奶牛乳房炎的发病率也高。环境空气中和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中同时分离到金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等。     

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. Eighteen ewes pregnant were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6). At 140 days, the fetal blood, allantoic fluid and kidney tissue were collected to determinate fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the fetal weight, kidney weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in RG1 group were decreased compared with the CG (P < 0.05), but the contents of β2-Microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C (Cys-C), filtered sodium excretion fraction (FENa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl radical (OH) in RG1 group were increased (P < 0.05). The impaired ovine fetal renal growth, antioxidant imbalance and dysfunction of glomerulus ultrafiltration, and the renal tubules reabsorption were induced by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy.     

Thermal features,ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non-pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non-pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non-pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.     

气肿疽梭菌CctA基因的原核表达及其间接ELISA检测方法的建立

研究旨在原核表达气肿疽梭菌细胞毒素A （CctA）基因,用纯化的重组蛋白建立其间接ELISA检测方法,a。利用大肠杆菌密码子的偏爱性优化CctA基因序列,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a （+）,双酶切鉴定原核表达质粒pET28a-CctA并测序。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导得到高表达的重组CctA包涵体蛋白。包涵体蛋白变性后经镍（Ni）柱纯化,SDS-PAGE检测其纯化效果。以豚鼠抗气肿疽梭菌抗血清为一抗,用Western blotting方法检测重组CctA蛋白的反应原性。用棋盘滴定法建立间接ELISA检测方法,以复性后的重组CctA蛋白作为检测抗原,摸索抗原包被浓度、封闭液的种类及浓度、抗体的最适稀释度和反应条件等。选用3批气肿疽灭活疫苗免疫豚鼠后采集血清,同时用攻毒和间接ELISA两种方法验证疫苗的免疫效力。质粒双酶切结果显示,得到大小约853 bp的条带,与预期相符,且测序结果正确。SDS-PAGE结果表明,成功表达并纯化大小为35 ku的重组CctA蛋白。Western blotting结果显示,豚鼠抗气肿疽梭菌抗血清与重组CctA蛋白具有良好的反应原性。建立的间接ELISA法的最适条件为：抗原的包被浓度为0.5 μg/mL,于4 ℃包被过夜;封闭液选择10%胎牛血清,37 ℃孵育2 h;二抗的稀释度为1：8 000;室温避光显色10 min后终止反应,测定D_{450 nm}值。当P/N>4.6时,间接ELISA法检测结果与豚鼠攻毒试验结果拟合度较好。本研究成功表达CctA基因并纯化了重组CctA蛋白,建立的以重组CctA蛋白为检测抗原的间接ELISA检测方法,有望成为气肿疽灭活疫苗免疫效果验证的替代方法。     

液态奶生产新设备和工艺

液态奶包括巴氏杀菌奶、UHT超高温灭菌奶等。目前国内采用的液态奶杀菌工艺是热处理法。但通过热处理法的液态奶仍可能残留休眠芽孢,给液态奶产品带来潜在风险。本文通过研究目前液态奶杀菌工艺的种类和存在问题,申报了发明专利“一种能延长液态奶保质期的生产方法”和“一种能使液体隔离空气的无菌罐体”,并利用氢医学制作含氢乳制品,实现了提高液态奶品质,延长保质期,获得氢分子医学效应。