禽用多价活疫苗的作用机理与研究探索

疫苗在疾病控制中的作用毋庸置疑,但疫苗在发挥其防控疾病的过程中出现了很多的问题,且不断有新的问题出现,针对当前疾病流行的新特点和疫苗免疫的种种问题,本文综述了多价疫苗在疾病控制中的作用,从原理和临床实践中分析多价疫苗的前詈。     

SD大鼠2型糖尿病动物模型的建立及胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达

[目的]链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）结合高糖高脂饮食诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,检测体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA表达的变化。[方法]30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组（20只）、空白组（10只）。模型组喂饲高糖高脂饲料4周后,用STZ 30mg/（kg·bw）一次性左下腹腔注射。检测注射STZ后第1周、第4周、第8周、第12周空腹体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数等指标,进行统计分析。剖杀大鼠,取胰腺,RT-PCR方法检测胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达。[结果]动物成模率为75%。注射STZ后1、4、8、12周,模型组血糖值均明显升高,与空白组比较,P〈0.01;ISI均明显降低,与空白组比较,P〈0.01。模型组SUR1 mRNA表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]STZ一次性左下腹腔注射结合高糖高脂饮食可成功诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。SUR1 mRNA的降低可能是糖尿病发病的分子机制之一。     

苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响

探讨日粮中添加苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米对奶牛生产性能及其乳成分的影响,本试验选用荷斯坦泌乳奶牛20头,随机分为2组,对照组饲喂秸秆和精料补充料;试验组饲喂苜蓿鲜草、青饲玉米和精料补充料日粮。试验结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米,可极显著提高奶牛的生产性能和乳脂率(P<0.01),显著提高干物质采食量和乳蛋白含量(P<0.05)。     

浓缩营养剂对蛋鸡生产性能的作用效果

通过在饲料中添加浓缩营养剂,测定浓缩营养剂对蛋鸡生产性能的作用效果。结果表明,在蛋鸡场饮用水中添加浓缩营养剂,1周后蛋鸡产蛋量平稳增加,平均增幅为5％～10％;浓缩营养剂可显著提高鸡的抗病能力;浓缩营养剂可显著提高鸡蛋的品质,显著降低破蛋、软蛋的数量。     

饮水中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料提高奶牛产奶量试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验可知,奶牛日添加4kg该饲料,单产可提高2.18kg,每头牛日增利润2.03元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;另外,研究还发现,日添加4kg该饲料对乳成分无显著影响。     

A comparison on DNA methylation levels in bamboo at five developmental stages

Bamboo shoots grow quickly through the rapid elongation of internodes. In order to verify whether DNA methylation affects bamboo shoot elongation, we compared DNA methylation levels at five developmental stages of bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox), including young bamboo shoot of 40-cm at length (S1), bamboo shoot of 2-cm at length (S2), young leaf (Y1), leaf (Y2), and aging leaf (M), by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based on KpnI/MseI and Acc65I/MseI platforms. The polymorphism ratio of methylated to unmethylated DNA sites in bamboo shoot (S1 and S2) was higher than that in leaf (Y1, Y2 and M). The polymorphism ratio of methylated to unmethylated DNA sites in S2 was highest (32%). Our results suggest that DNA methylation changed greatly at bamboo growing stages, especially in stage of rapid elongation of internodes.     

曲线连续箱梁桥支座设置的比较

以实际工程为例,对采用MIDAS空间梁单元小半径曲线梁桥支座的布置进行计算和比较分析,并通过掌握小半径曲线梁桥支座受力特点,从而确定出适合该桥的支座布置形式。     

毛竹笋套袋技术研究

采用样地调查法对刚出土或冒出土层(笋尖高出地面小于5 cm)的粗壮毛竹笋分别用3种套袋方式进行套袋,包括带支架单袋、带支架双袋、无支架单袋,并选取部分未套袋的竹笋进行对照。对所有套袋与未套袋的竹笋每隔2 h进行地径、高度以及袋内外的温度、湿度现场测定。并挖取样笋进行生物量、可食率以及营养成分测定。结果表明:套袋能够提高毛竹笋生长的温度、湿度,能促进毛竹笋的高、地径生长,能显著提高竹笋的可食率和竹笋品质,从而提高竹林效益。     

陶赛特羊Carwell基因微卫星标记多态性与体重和体尺指标的相关性分析

据相关研究报道,在澳洲无角陶赛特羊18号染色体末端微卫星标记CSSM18和TGLA122之间的区域有控制其肌肉生长发育的Callipyge和Canvell基因。研究选择了微卫星标记CSSMl8和TGLAl22之间的TGLA122、LS33、ILSTS54、MCMA26四个微卫星标记,测定了新疆引进的澳洲无角陶赛特羊所产后代163只羔羊早期生长发育性状指标,采用PCR—SSCP技术检测了上述4个标记在研究群体中的多态性,分析了研究群体中4个微卫星标记不同基因型与早期生长发育性状的相关性。结果显示：微卫星标记TGLA122的杂合度0．4301,多态信息含量0．2733,有效等位基因数1．3761;微卫星标记MCMA26的杂合度0．4824,多态信息含量0．3660,有效等位基因数1．577O;微卫星标记LS33的杂合度0．3283,多态信息含量0．2744,有效等位基因数1．3780。微卫星标记TGLA122的3种基因型（AA／BB／AB）对90日龄母羔臀宽影响显著（P〈0．05）,对其他生长指标均无显著影响;微卫星标记MCMA26的3种基因型（GG／Tr／GT）对60日龄母羔胸围和臀宽有显著影响,对其他生长指标均无显著影响;微卫星标记LS33的2种基因型（EE／EF）个体的体重和体尺均无显著性差异;微卫星标记ILSTS54在该群体中无多态性。     

Ecological,morphological and genetic diversity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza rufipogon</Emphasis> Griff. (Poaceae) from Hainan Island,China

In this study, ecological, morphological and genetic diversity in 11 surviving populations of Oryza rufipogon Griff. from Hainan Island, China were investigated. These data served to provide much needed data in support of conservation strategies. The results divided O. rufipogon into six ecotypes. The cluster analysis based on 19 morphological features showed clear differentiation among populations or within populations. The cluster analysis based on SSR also revealed similar results. The ecological, morphological and genetic diversity observed in O. rufipogon resulted in the following conservation recommendations: (1) the four currently protected O. rufipogon localities should be maintained, due to the different ecological communities represented at these sites; (2) some populations, such as HL (Hele county, Hainan Island), should be protected, but some populations, such as FC (Fucheng county, Hainan Island) and DL (Dalu county, Hainan Island), might not be protected. (3) An isolation zone should be established to avoid possible introgression between O. sativa L. and O. rufipogon; and human activities that impact O. rufipogon should be reduced or eliminated.