应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体研究进展

对应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体,包括痘病毒载体、疱疹病毒载体、腺病毒载体、杆状病毒载体、副粘病毒载体、弹状病毒载体、甲病毒载体、冠状病毒载体、反转录病毒载体、黄病毒载体等DNA和RNA病毒载体的研究进展进行了综述,以期为我国基因工程活载体疫苗研发工作提供参考.     

The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

疼痛应激对畜禽的影响及对策

疼痛是由伤害性刺激引起的一种常见应激反应,已成为影响动物生产繁殖性能和畜产品品质的重要因素之一。文章综述疼痛应激的神经内分泌调节机制及其对动物生理机能和行为的影响,并提出针对性的应对措施,为预防和减少动物疼痛提供理论依据,对改善动物福利具有重要的现实意义。     

The 2009 pandemic (H1N1) viruses isolated from pigs show enhanced pathogenicity in mice

Since the emergence of the 2009 pandemic (H1N1) virus (2009/H1N1) in April 2009, cases of transmission from humans to pigs have been reported frequently. In our previous studies, four 2009/H1N1 variants were isolated from pigs. To better understand the phenotypic differences of the pig isolates compared with the human isolate, in this study mice were inoculated intranasally with different 2009/H1N1 viruses, and monitored for morbidity, mortality, and viral replication, cytokine production and pathological changes in the lungs. The results show that all isolates show effective replication in lungs, but varying in their ability to cause morbidity. In particular, the strains of A/swine/Nanchang/3/2010 (H1N1) and A/swine/Nanchang/F9/2010 (H1N1) show the greatest virulence with a persisting replication in lungs and high lethality for mice, compared with the human isolate A/Liaoning /14/2009 (H1N1), which shows low virulence in mice. Furthermore, the lethal strains could induce more severe lung pathological changes and higher production of cytokines than that of other strains at an early stage. Amino acid sequence analysis illustrates prominent differences in viral surface glycoproteins and polymerase subunits between pig isolates and human strains that might correlate with their phenotypic differences. These studies demonstrate that the 2009/H1N1 pig isolates exhibit heterogeneous infectivity and pathogencity in mice, and some strains possess an enhanced pathogenicity compared with the human isolate.     

土壤类型对烟田土壤中微生物的影响

对不同类型的烟田土壤中细菌、固氮菌、放线菌及真菌进行分离,对不同微生物种群进行数量和多样性分析.结果表明,不同类型烟田土壤中,黄棕壤中细菌和固氮菌数量均高于紫色土.黄棕壤烟田土壤中细菌、固氮菌、放线菌及真菌变化速率分别高于紫色土中4种微生物变化速率;在黄棕壤烟田土壤中,细菌、固氮菌、放线菌及真菌变化速率呈现递减规律.黄棕壤中4种微生物根土比之和高于紫色土.黄棕壤中细菌与真菌数量的比值(B/F)几乎都高于紫色土.黄棕壤根际土中微生物菌群多样性指数与非根际土中微生物菌群多样性指数之比高于紫色土.     

DCA、CCA和DCCA三种排序方法在中国草地植被群落中的应用现状

排序是用来分析植被与环境之间生态关系的重要手段。该文主要是对除趋势对应分析（DCA）、典范对应分析（CCA）和除趋势典范对应分析（DCCA）这三种排序方法进行总结，讨论它们在中国草地植被群落研究中的应用现状，并得出除趋势对应分析与聚类分析结合使用效果比较好，主要是用来揭示群落之间的关系，并且在实际的应用中也比较多，而典范对应分析和除趋势典范对应分析在揭示种与环境关系方面具有明显的优势，但是由于某些条件的限制，在实际研究中应用的比较少。可见这几种排序方法在实际应用中具有一定的优势，所以应该加强这方面的应用，更加深入的研究草地植被群落，以期对草地生态学及草地植被群落生态关系的研究工作发挥重要的借鉴作用。     

Logistic方程拟合新疆春小麦灌浆动态

【目的】 研究新疆主栽春小麦品种籽粒灌浆基因型差异。【方法】 用 Logistic方程拟合籽粒生长动态,对该方程求一阶导数,可得籽粒生长速率方程,求得新疆主栽春小麦品种籽粒灌浆主要特征值。【结果】 9个品种籽粒干物质量积累的动态变化呈现"S"型曲线,即动态由慢-快-慢的增长过程。参试品种最终籽粒干物质量整体表现为(23.2±2.87) g/10穗;取样期籽粒干物质量的动态增长量:初花期后14~19 d达到最高,初花期后31~37 d籽粒干物质增长量最低;测算参试品种理论K值整体表现为(24.08±3.12) g/10穗;快速灌浆期整体表现为:初花期后12.60 d进入快速灌浆起始期,初花期后24.94 d到达快速灌浆终止期,灌浆快增期持续天数为12.34 d,到快速灌浆期终止期,籽粒干物质量积累贡献率达到83.56%±7.06%;最大相对灌浆速率(Vm)的整体表现为:(1.40±0.45) g/10穗/d。【结论】 近年来审定的春小麦新品种籽粒灌浆干物质量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,即穗粒重上升趋势;初花期后0~25 d是新疆春小麦籽粒灌浆的关键时期,也是充分利用水肥调配等农艺措施获得高穗粒重的重要时期;新春38号、新春44号、新春6号和新春40号四个品种具有高穗粒重潜力;新春39号、新春6号和新春37号籽粒灌浆快增期短,属相对灌浆速度较快品种,其中新春6号理论k值较高且相对灌浆速度较快,属强势籽粒灌浆品种。