Correlation of noninvasive surface temperature measurement with rectal temperature in swine

Skin and rectal temperature measurements were taken on 15 crossbred sows and gilts (225 kg) during the last 5 days of prepartum period and compared with those recorded in the first 8 days after parturition. The correlation of skin and rectal temperature values was not good during either period, although an increased correlation was noted in the postparturient period. The rectal temperature significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the postparturient period, but the mean surface temperature was unchanged. This would indicate a decreased blood flow to the surface, since an equivalent blood flow to the surface after a rectal temperature increase would result in a concomitant mean surface temperature increase. The decreased flow to the surface of the animal was selective, since a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in surface temperature was noted at the tailhead, perineum, vulva, mammae-caudal, and eye, whereas the surface temperature of the mammae-cranial and mammae-middle was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased.     

Effects of humidity and Ca level on dry-matter and Ca accumulation by leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Two cucumber cultivars (Corona and Rebella) were grown under a range of day and night humidity combinations and at two levels of Ca (180 and 270 mg I-1) in the nutrient solution applied to the rockwool substrate. High humidity increased the incidence of Ca defi-. cigacy symptoms and decreased the drvweTiTrToT the leaves. The concentration of Ca (%) in the leaf dry matter was reduced by high humidity at night in Experiment A and equally by high humidity during the day or night in Experiment^}. The response of the leaf tips (% Ca in the terminal 7 cm) was greater than that of the complete laminae, and similar to that of the total amount of Ca (mg) accumulated per complete lamina. Increasing the level of applied Ca increased the concentration of Ca (%) in the complete laminae and leaf tips, but the increase in total Ca per lamina (mg) was more marked. ‘Corona’ Had heavier leaves than ‘Rebella’ and a higher concentration of Ca (%), resulting in a greater accumulation of Ca (mg) per leaf lamina.     

The Invasion of Megachile policaris (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) to Hawai‘i

Islands are insular environments that are negatively impacted by invasive species. In Hawai‘i, at least 21 non-native bees have been documented to date, joining the diversity of >9,000 non-native and invasive species to the archipelago. The goal of this study is to describe the persistence, genetic diversity, and natural history of the most recently established bee to Hawai‘i, Megachile policaris Say, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Contemporary surveys identify that M. policaris is present on at least O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, with the earliest detection of the species in 2017. Furthermore, repeated surveys and observations by community members support the hypothesis that M. policaris has been established on Hawai‘i Island from 2017 to 2020. DNA sequenced fragments of the cytochrome oxidase I locus identify two distinct haplotypes on Hawai‘i Island, suggesting that at least two founders have colonized the island. In their native range, M. policaris is documented to forage on at least 21 different plant families, which are represented in Hawai‘i. Finally, ensemble species distribution models (SDMs) constructed with four bioclimatic variables and occurrence data from the native range of M. policaris predicts high habitat suitability on the leeward side of islands throughout the archipelago and at high elevation habitats. While many of the observations presented in our study fall within the predicted habitat suitability on Hawai‘i, we also detected the M. policaris on the windward side of Hawai‘i Island suggesting that the SDMs we constructed likely do not capture the bioclimatic niche flexibility of the species.     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（十六）

5．环境（负载）状态OCAT网箱和锚定系统适用于常规和非常规的波浪、水流的状态以及二者的各种组合状态。对七种波浪的频率及二种随机的海洋事件进行了调查：一种是极端情况（风暴）和常规类型的事件。应用了0—2m／s（4节）范围内八种不同的水流速度。最后,将波浪和水流组合进行模拟。     

Vitamin D deficiency syndromes in swine(Ⅰ)

维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素,由皮肤产生或日粮供应.在被吸收进入血液后,维生素D在肝脏内转化成25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)),这是维生素D在血液中最主要的存在形式.25(OH)D)在肾脏中被进一步分解成1,25-二羟基维生素D(1,25-(OH)2D).     

Influence of dietary fish oil concentration and finishing duration on beneficial fatty acid profile restoration in sunshine bass Morone chrysops ♀ x M. saxatilis ♂

Considerable feed savings may be realized by reducing the fish oil (FO) content of aquafeeds used during grow-out, but fatty acid (FA) profile of the resultant seafood will be altered. By feeding a FO-rich finishing feed prior to harvest, fillet levels of beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA) can be partially or completely restored. We evaluated the use of linseed oil (LO) as a partial substitute for FO, and assessed the relative impacts of grow-out feed FO concentration and finishing duration on production performance and fillet fatty acid (FA) composition of sunshine bass. Fish were raised on feeds containing 33 or 67% FO during the grow-out period, and then finished with a 100% FO finishing feed for 4 or 8 weeks before harvest; for comparison, a control group was fed the 100% FO feed throughout the entire 20-week trial. Production performance was unaffected by the dietary formulations or feeding schemes, however, fillet FA varied among treatment groups. Increased consumption of LO, whether by increased dietary concentrations or longer feeding periods, resulted in elevated levels of LO-associated medium-chain polyunsaturated FA, specifically 18:3n-3; increased consumption of FO had the same effect on tissue levels of FO-associated LC-PUFA such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Finishing had a significant restorative effect on fillet LC-PUFA content (LC-PUFA in finished groups ranged from 64-87% of control levels compared to 50-71% in unfinished groups), however, with the exception of 22:6n-3, 8 weeks of finishing was still insufficient to completely restore fillet LC-PUFA content to control levels, regardless of grow-out feed. We observed fillet levels of LC-PUFA to be essentially a function of total FO consumption, and FA profile change to be relatively well-described by simple dilution modeling. However, further research is needed to unequivocally demonstrate the relative merits of continuous vs. periodic provision of FO-rich aquafeeds.     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册(三十一)

(上接2012年第2期) 9减阻的测试方法 为了对减阻件的设计进行精确的测试,用OCAT比例物理模型作基本的网箱但增加了这些新的设计部分.此柔性的减阻物是用5mil平滑的喷丝织物制作的.在各连接边上每隔2英寸就装一个0.25英寸的索扣.为了使索扣能牢固的装在上面,在装索扣前各边都缝边一英寸.然后减阻物用8英寸的的绳索穿过索扣并将它覆盖在网箱的周围.用绳索绑扎是因为成本低在使用和取下时很方便.拖曳绳是用标准的编织绳做的.     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（二十四）

8．总结此报告对OCAT网箱刚性框架设计的结构完整性作了分析研究。二种环境负载方案的结果被用作输入值：2．0米／秒的水流速度和风暴波浪级别时1．5米／秒的水流速度。整个网箱框架首先通过二组负载方案用梁柱的分析方法进行分析。这些负载方案包括在海洋环境状态下在网箱框架上的应力。还使用了HDPE弹性模数的保守值。第二次的分析研究了多数负载状态下时框架的稳定性。     

Utilization of Soluble Canola Protein Concentrate as an Attractant Enhances Production Performance of Sunshine Bass Fed Reduced Fish Meal,Plant‐Based Diets

Soluble canola protein concentrate (SCPC) is rich in glutamic acid and may act as a feed attractant to improve feed acceptance and production performance of fish fed plant‐based diets. In the first experiment, attractant properties of SCPC were evaluated by comparing production performance of sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis, fed reduced fish meal (FM) diets supplemented with 1% SCPC or a betaine‐based feed attractant. In the second experiment, production performance of fish was compared after feeding reduced FM diets with or without SCPC. Following the first experiment, production performance was similar among fish fed attractants, but at 0% FM weight gain and survival were significantly lower compared to the 30% FM control treatment regardless of attractant inclusion. According to broken‐line analysis of data from the second experiment, the critical breakpoints in dietary FM inclusion rates needed to achieve maximal weight gain were similar regardless of SCPC. However, weight gain observed among fish fed SCPC was significantly greater than fish not fed SCPC. Including FM in plant‐based sunshine bass diets at rates >10–13% dry matter did not improve weight gain, and weight gain is optimized when a feed attractant/palatant such as SCPC is included in these plant‐based diets.