全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2849篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 84篇 |
农学 | 55篇 |
基础科学 | 18篇 |
303篇 | |
综合类 | 494篇 |
农作物 | 120篇 |
水产渔业 | 183篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 1573篇 |
园艺 | 63篇 |
植物保护 | 137篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 42篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 40篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 139篇 |
2012年 | 103篇 |
2011年 | 126篇 |
2010年 | 81篇 |
2009年 | 75篇 |
2008年 | 114篇 |
2007年 | 125篇 |
2006年 | 110篇 |
2005年 | 107篇 |
2004年 | 116篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 70篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 45篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 59篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 32篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
1973年 | 27篇 |
1972年 | 36篇 |
1971年 | 37篇 |
1970年 | 29篇 |
1969年 | 17篇 |
1967年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有3030条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
51.
Plant eradication is difficult, particularly in remote, protected areas. The Southern Ocean Islands are very isolated and highly protected, but the flora contains many alien plants. Small restricted populations have been eradicated, but eradication of established species has proven difficult. A better understanding of the efficacy of control methods at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and their off‐target impacts may increase eradication success. With interest in controlling non‐native Poa annua in the region, we aimed to determine if physical and chemical methods can control P. annua (the sub‐Antarctic biotype) in sub‐Antarctic conditions and examined their impact on native plants. We quantified the effectiveness of physical control methods on P. annua in situ on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island through field‐based experiments and assessed their selectivity on P. annua compared with native grasses. We also quantified the effectiveness of several herbicides on P. annua at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and assessed their selectivity on native grasses. Of the four physical disturbance methods tested, none effectively reduced P. annua cover as one‐off treatments. Of the herbicide treatments, glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium were effective and were less damaging to native grass species, indicating potential selectivity. Physical control was of limited effectiveness, but did not affect native species richness. An integrated weed management programme utilising the strategic use of selective herbicides with follow‐up chemical and physical intervention may balance control and biodiversity outcomes. This research highlights the importance of site‐specific testing of control methods and understanding off‐target impacts of control when managing alien plant species in protected areas. 相似文献
52.
Wilson Wasielesky Jr Paulo César Abreu Luis Henrique Poersch Fabiano Thompson Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(5):706-712
A reduction in light intensity may increase shrimp activity, although it may also negatively affect the development of photoautotrophic organisms present in biofilm, an important natural food source for shrimp. This experiment evaluated the influence of light intensity on biofilm development and on the growth of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles. Six cages were deployed in a shrimp culture pond and stocked with 60 juveniles (0.72 ± 0.03 g). Three cages were randomly chosen and covered with five layers of polyamide net to reduce light incidence (shaded treatment), while the other three cages were not covered (control treatment). Biofilm chlorophyll a and microorganism abundance, as well as shrimp growth, were monitored during the experiment. Chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of bacteria and flagellates were significantly lower in the shaded treatment (P<0.05). After 75 rearing days, shrimp stocked in control treatment achieved significantly higher (5.98 g) (P<0.05) mean weight than shrimp reared in shaded treatment cages (5.13 g). Similarly, the biomass produced was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment (322.92 g) than in the shaded treatment (287.31 g). The results of this study demonstrate that light intensity has a huge influence on shrimp performance mainly due to the increase in natural food availability. 相似文献
53.
The numbers of eggs spawned, attached, and carried through to hatching were examined in three groups of captive lobsters (Homarus americanus). Wild born/lab spawned H. americanus, lab born/lab spawned H. americanus, and hybrids of H. americanus ♂ × H. gammarus ♀ spawned 8800–11500 eggs per female (weight range 336–945 g). Hybrid females attached 77% of all spawned eggs. Purebred females attached either most eggs of a spawn or fewer than 10%. In some instances where attachment was poor, females were known to be virgins or had been mated to a sterile hybrid male. Unfertilized eggs could attach, but the percentage which did was low. Some wild born/lab spawned H. americanus carried portions of their clutches through until hatching; however, many purebreds and all hybrids dropped their clutches before hatching. Possible factors which cause eggs to drop prematurely are discussed. 相似文献
54.
Effects of intraspecific hybridisation between two hatchery‐reared strains of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar,on juvenile survival and fitness‐related traits
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Fisheries Management and Ecology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Intraspecific hybridisation may result in hybrid offspring exhibiting superior (heterosis) or inferior (outbreeding depression) fitness relative to their parental populations. As both have been demonstrated in salmonids, consequences of interbreeding between divergent populations are relevant to their conservation. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. were extirpated from Lake Ontario by the late 19th Century due to anthropogenic causes. Multiple allopatric populations of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon are being stocked in an effort to re‐establish a self‐sustaining population. This study evaluated whether interbreeding between Sebago Lake (Maine) and LaHave River (Nova Scotia) individuals will result in heterosis or outbreeding depression in juveniles. This was accomplished through full‐factorial 2 × 2 mating crosses between the strains and comparing multiple fitness‐related traits between the cross types. Hybrid juveniles displayed no signs of outbreeding depression nor heterosis. Further studies on comparative fitness of backcross and F2 hybrids are recommended to assess potential consequences for this and similar restoration efforts. 相似文献
55.
There is debate among ecologists about whether total habitat area or patch arrangement contributes most to population and/or
community responses to fragmented or patchy landscapes. We tested the relative effects of patch area and isolation for predicting
bird occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Bear River Mountains of Northern Utah, USA. We selected focal patches
(mountain meadows) ranging in elevation from 1,920 to 2,860 m and in size from 0.6 to 182 ha. Breeding birds were sampled
in each focal meadow during the summers of 2003 and 2004 using variable-distance point transects. Logistic regression and
likelihood-based model selection were used to determine the relationship between likelihood of occurrence of three bird species
(Brewer’s sparrow, vesper sparrow, and white-crowned sparrow) and area, isolation, and proximity metrics. We used model weights
and model-averaged confidence intervals to assess the importance of each predictor variable. Plots of area versus isolation
were used to evaluate complex relationships between the variables. We found that meadow area was the most important variable
for explaining occurrence for two species, and that isolation was the most important for the other. We also found that the
absolute distance was more appropriate for evaluating isolation responses than was the species-specific proximity metric.
Our findings add clarity to the debate between ecologists regarding the relative importance of area and isolation in species
responses to patchy landscapes. 相似文献
56.
Toby G Knowles Steve N Brown Paul D Warriss Jeff Lines Ambrose Tinarwo Marta Sendon 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1731-1738
Food quality aspects of farmed turbot (Psetta maxima) were compared following two methods of slaughter: the current commercial method, by immersion in an ice slurry, which is then dewatered after approximately 20 min, or by first humanely, electrically stunning the fish using a prototype commercial stunner, before immersion in an ice slurry, which is dewatered after 20 min. Quality was assessed for up to 10 days of storage on ice following slaughter. No differences were found between the slaughter methods in terms of an overall carcass quality: overall appearance, haemorrhage, damage, burst gall bladder, staining of the body cavity by leakage from the gut or damage to the spine. No detectable difference was found between the treatments using the industry standard freshness scoring system, the Quality Index Method. Both groups of fish were classified as ‘Fresh’ after 10 days of storage on ice. Using objective measurements of colour, no differences between fish from either treatment were found in fillet colour. Changes in flesh pH were similar in electrically stunned and traditionally killed fish with a mean pH (±SE) at 2 h post‐mortem of 6.80±0.027 declining to 6.44±0.032 at 24 h post‐mortem. Humane electrical stunning of turbot at slaughter neither detectably improved nor decreased product quality as measured between 1 and 10 days of storage on ice. 相似文献
57.
Srgio H. G. SILVA David C. WEINDORF Wilson M. FARIA Leandro C. PINTO Michele D. MENEZES Luiz R. G. GUILHERME Nilton CURI 《土壤圈》2021,31(4):615-626
Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility (MS) via magnetometer have been increasingly used with terrain variables for digital soil mapping. However, this methodology is still emerging in many countries with tropical soils. The objective of this study was to use proximal soil sensor data associated with terrain variables at varying spatial resolutions to predict soil classes using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The study was conducted on a 316-ha area featuring highly variable soil classes and complex soil-landscape relationships in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The overall accuracy and Kappa index were evaluated using soils that were classified at 118 sites, with 90 being used for modeling and 28 for validation. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created at 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m resolutions using contour lines from two sources. The resulting DEMs were processed to generate 12 terrain variables. Total Fe, Ti, and SiO2 contents were obtained using pXRF, with MS determined via a magnetometer. Soil class prediction was performed using the RF algorithm. The quality of the soil maps improved when using only the five most important covariates and combining proximal sensor data with terrain variables at different spatial resolutions. The finest spatial resolution did not always provide the most accurate maps. The high soil complexity in the area prevented highly accurate predictions. The most important variables influencing the soil mapping were MS, Fe, and Ti. Proximal sensor data associated with terrain information were successfully used to map Brazilian soils at variable spatial resolutions. 相似文献
58.
甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌(XanthomonascampestrisPv.campestris)产生的胞外蛋白酶Ⅰ在致病的早期阶段起重要作用,该酶以及其它胞外酶和胞外多糖的合成受一致病因子调控基因簇(rPf基因簇)的正向调控。本研究利用带有β-半乳糖苷酶报道基因(lacZ)的转座子Tn5-B20诱变蛋白酶Ⅰ基因克隆,获得了lacZ在蛋白酶Ⅰ基因启动子控制下表达的Tn5-B20插入突变质粒。通过将这种突变质粒导入野生型和各rpf基因突变体菌株后,测定lacZ基因在细胞生长周期中的表达水平,不仅进一步证实了这些rpf基因对蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的正向调控作用,而且明确了它们的调控水平.发现rpfA、rpfC、rpfE、rpfG或rpfH突变后,蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的转录会降低90%左右,而rpfB突变后,蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的转录只降低48%。 相似文献
59.
Crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization effect on soil CO2 emissions in central Iowa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Depending upon how soil is managed, it can serve as a source or sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). As the atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to increase, more attention is being focused on the soil as a possible sink for atmospheric CO2. This study was conducted to examine the short-term effects of crop rotation and N fertilization on soil CO2 emissions in Central Iowa. Soil CO2 emissions were measured during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 from plots fertilized with three N rates (0, 135, and 270 kg N ha−1) in continuous corn and a corn–soybean rotation in a split-plot design. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 2004 from the 0–15 cm soil depth to determine soil organic C content. Crop residue input was estimated using a harvest index based on the measured crop yield. The results show that increasing N fertilization generally decreased soil CO2 emissions and the continuous corn cropping system had higher soil CO2 emissions than the corn–soybean rotation. Soil CO2 emission rate at the peak time during the growing season and cumulative CO2 under continuous corn increased by 24 and 18%, respectively compared to that from corn–soybean rotation. During this period, the soil fertilized with 270 kg N ha−1 emitted, on average, 23% less CO2 than the soil fertilized with the other two N rates. The greatest difference in CO2 emission rate was observed in 2004; where plots that received 0 N rate had 31% greater CO2 emission rate than plots fertilized with 270 kg N ha−1. The findings of this research indicate that changes in cropping systems can have immediate impact on both rate and cumulative soil CO2 emissions, where continuous corn caused greater soil CO2 emissions than corn soybean rotation. 相似文献
60.
Endenburg Sarah Mitchell Greg W. Kirby Patrick Fahrig Lenore Pasher Jon Wilson Scott 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(10):2385-2399
Landscape Ecology - Agricultural expansion is a principal driver of biodiversity loss, but the impacts on community assembly in agro-ecosystems are less clear, especially across regional scales at... 相似文献