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Cooper AA Gitler AD Cashikar A Haynes CM Hill KJ Bhullar B Liu K Xu K Strathearn KE Liu F Cao S Caldwell KA Caldwell GA Marsischky G Kolodner RD Labaer J Rochet JC Bonini NM Lindquist S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5785):324-328
Alpha-synuclein (alphaSyn) misfolding is associated with several devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In yeast cells and in neurons alphaSyn accumulation is cytotoxic, but little is known about its normal function or pathobiology. The earliest defect following alphaSyn expression in yeast was a block in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicular trafficking. In a genomewide screen, the largest class of toxicity modifiers were proteins functioning at this same step, including the Rab guanosine triphosphatase Ypt1p, which associated with cytoplasmic alphaSyn inclusions. Elevated expression of Rab1, the mammalian YPT1 homolog, protected against alphaSyn-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in animal models of PD. Thus, synucleinopathies may result from disruptions in basic cellular functions that interface with the unique biology of particular neurons to make them especially vulnerable. 相似文献
84.
Blasi M Barbe JC Maillard B Dubourdieu D Deleuze H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10382-10387
Sweet white wines from botrytized grapes present high SO2 levels because of their high sulfur dioxide binding power. The objective of this work was to develop a new method for reducing this binding power by partially eliminating the carbonyl compounds naturally present in these wines that are responsible for this phenomenon. A selective liquid-solid removal technique was developed. Phenylsulfonylhydrazine was selected as the best candidate for removing carbonyl compounds. Its reactivity in the presence or absence of sulfur dioxide was verified in model media containing acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid, and 2-oxoglutaric acid, some of the main carbonyl compounds responsible for the SO2 binding power of sweet wines. The scavenging function was grafted on porous polymer supports, and its efficiency was evaluated in model wines. Dependent upon the supports used, different quantities of carbonyl compounds (over 90% in some cases) were removed in a few days. The presence of sulfur dioxide delayed removal without changing its quality. The results obtained showed that the method removed carbonyl compounds efficiently and was applicable to wines at any stage in winemaking. 相似文献
85.
Anne-Laure Gibelin Jean-Christophe Calvet Nicolas Viovy 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(10):1611-1628
We developed ISBA-CC, a new version of the ISBA land surface model, to represent the fluxes and reservoirs of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The simulated latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and net ecosystem exchange are validated against in-situ measurements at 26 sites of the FLUXNET network, located at temperate and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Overall, ISBA-CC captures well the temporal variations of the fluxes, from the diurnal to the seasonal and the inter-annual scales. The best results are obtained for deciduous broadleaf and needle leaf forests, while the worst are found for agricultural sites, suggesting the need to take into account agricultural practices in order to better simulate both the energy fluxes and the net carbon flux. The ranking of the sites in terms of scores is consistent for the different fluxes. We show that taking into account the response of heterotrophic respiration to soil moisture allows a better representation of the variations of the net ecosystem exchange along with soil water content. ISBA-CC also compares favourably with other terrestrial ecosystem models. All these results show that the model matches the observed variability driven by the climate and can be used to assess the response of the terrestrial biosphere to future climate changes. 相似文献
86.
Jean-Christophe?DomecEmail author Barbara?Lachenbruch Michele?L.?Pruyn Rachel?Spicer 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(1):17-27
Introduction
Knowledge of vertical variation in hydraulic parameters would improve our understanding of individual trunk functioning and likely have important implications for modeling water movement to the leaves. Specifically, understanding how foliage area (A l), sapwood area (A s), and hydraulic specific conductivity (k s) vary with canopy position to affect leaf-specific conductivity (LSC) and whole-tree leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K l) may explain some of the contrasting patterns of A l/A s reported in the literature. 相似文献87.
Perucho Lola Hadjigeorgiou Ioannis Lauvie Anne Moulin Charles-Henri Paoli Jean-Christophe Ligda Christina 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(2):329-338
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Local breeds are recognized as an important element for the maintenance of various and specific farming systems. Challenges for local breeds’... 相似文献
88.
Effect of humic acids on intestinal viscosity,leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction model to induce intestinal permeability in broiler chickens
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Jesús A. Maguey‐Gonzalez Matias A. Michel Mikayla F.A. Baxter Guillermo Tellez Jr. Philip A. Moore Jr. Bruno Solis‐Cruz Daniel Hernández‐Patlan Rubén Merino‐Guzman Xochitl Hernandez‐Velasco Juan D. Latorre Billy M. Hargis Sergio Gomez‐Rosales Guillermo Tellez‐Isaias 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1002-1010
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acids (HA) on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction (FR) model to induce intestinal permeability in chickens. One‐day‐old male Cobb‐Vantress broilers were randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 25 chickens), with or without 0.2% of isolated HA from worm‐compost, and placed in brooder batteries. Chicks had ad libitum access to water and feed for 14 days. Intestinal permeability was induced by 24 hr FR starting at 14 days. At 15 days of age, chickens in both groups were given an appropriate dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC‐d) by oral gavage. Intestine and liver samples were also collected to evaluate viscosity and bacterial translocation (BT), respectively. An increase (p < .05) in intestinal viscosity was observed in the experimental group consuming 0.2% of HA and was confirmed in a published in vitro digestion model that simulates the chemical and physical conditions of the crop, proventriculus and intestine of chickens. Furthermore, the treated group also showed a significant reduction in FITC‐d, liver BT and ammonia in the manure. These results suggest that HA have a positive impact in intestinal integrity in chickens. 相似文献
89.
Kirkpatrick JG Step DL Payton ME Richards JB McTague LF Saliki JT Confer AW Cook BJ Ingram SH Wright JC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(1):136-142
OBJECTIVE: To compare antibody responses, feedlot morbidity and mortality rates, feedlot performance, and carcass value for calves vaccinated with 1 of 2 vaccination strategies and for unvaccinated control calves. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 451 beef steers and heifers. PROCEDURES: Calves were vaccinated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 (BVDV1) and 2 (BVDV2), parainfluenza type 3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida bacterin-toxoid at approximately 67 and 190 days of age (group 1; n = 151) or at approximately 167 and 190 days of age (group 2; 150) or were not vaccinated (control; 150). Serum antibody titers were measured at approximately 2, 67, 167, 190, and 232 days of age. Morbidity and mortality rates, feedlot performance, and carcass value were recorded for 361 calves shipped to feedlots. RESULTS: Percentages of calves seroconverting to IBRV, BVDV1, and BVDV2 were significantly higher for groups 1 and 2 than for the control group. Mean treatment costs were significantly lower for vaccinated than for control calves, and mean mortality rate was significantly higher for control calves than for group 1 calves. Feedlot performance and carcass value did not vary significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that vaccination of beef calves with a 5-antigen modified-live virus vaccine at 67 and 190 days of age was as effective in terms of immunologic responses as was vaccination at 167 and 190 days of age. 相似文献
90.
Vicente JL Torres-Rodriguez A Higgins SE Pixley C Tellez G Donoghue AM Hargis BM 《Avian diseases》2008,52(1):143-146
The effect of a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic (FM-B11) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) recovery was evaluated in liquid (Expt. 1) and lyophilized (Expt. 2) forms in two separate experiments with two trials each. For each trial, 80 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and probiotic culture. All chicks were challenged with SE (approximately 10(4) colony-forming units [cfu]) upon arrival at our laboratory. In both experiments, probiotic culture was administered in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days at a final concentration of approximately 10(6) cfu/ml, beginning 1 hr after SE challenge. Cecal tonsils were aseptically removed at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge, followed by enrichment and plating on xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar for the presence or absence of Salmonella-typical colonies. In Expt. 1, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in SE-positive samples was observed in both trials at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge. Additionally, in Expt. 2, the lyophilized probiotic decreased (P < 0.05) SE recovery at both 24 and 72 hr postchallenge compared with the control group in trial 1. In trial 2, SE evaluation was performed only at 72 hr after challenge and fewer (P < 0.001) treated samples were positive for SE. Results showed that application of either liquid or lyophilized probiotic culture in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days can help to reduce SE recovery from young birds, although further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this response. 相似文献