Dissimilarity of ccrAB gene sequences between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among bovine isolates in Korea

The sequences of the ccrAB genes from bovine-, canine- and chicken-originating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis (MRSE) and bovine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA) were compared to investigate the frequency of intra-species horizontal transfer of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) complex. Nineteen MRSE strains were isolated from bovine milk, chickens, and dogs, and their genetic characteristics were investigated by multilocus sequence typing and SCCmec typing. Among the animal MRSE strains, the most frequent SCCmec type was type IV, which consisted of the type B mec complex and ccrAB type 2. The ccrA2 and ccrB2 genes were sequenced from the bovine, chicken and canine MRSE strains and compared with those of the bovine MRSA strains. The sequences generally clustered as MRSA and MRSE groups, regardless of the animal source. Additionally, no bovine MRSE sequence was associated with the bovine MRSA groups. Although most of the bovine MRSE and MRSA isolates possessed SCCmec type IV sequences, our results suggest that the intra-species gene transfer of the SCCmec complex between bovine S. aureus and bovine S. epidermidis strains is not a frequent event.     

Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.     

有机肥与微生物肥配施对柑橘土壤肥力及叶片养分的影响

为解决上海崇明柑橘黄化、树体弱和产量下降等问题,对其配施有机肥与微生物肥,研究不同有机肥施肥量和施肥深度对柑橘园土壤肥力和柑橘养分、品质的影响。结果表明：与对照处理相比,混施有机肥与微生物肥可以不同程度地增加土壤中速效N、有效P和有效K的含量,最好的处理分别高出对照6.4%、24.7%和24.9%;并能提高土壤有机质的含量,其中混施40 kg有机肥与微生物肥的处理效果最好,高出对照15.6%,从而提高土壤肥力;混施有机肥与微生物肥料可以不同程度的增加土壤微生物的数量,并且能提高土壤中速效微量元素的含量及柑橘叶片中全氮和全钾及微量元素铜、锌、铁与镁的含量。     

Synthesis and application of alkyl-substituted high chroma yellow dyes for unmodified polypropylene fiber

A series of new monoazo yellow dyes having different alkyl substituents was synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. Color hue of the dyes exhibited light yellow with very high chroma enough to use as yellow primary color dyes. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the hexyl-substituted dye having the longest alkyl group in this experiment showed very high color strength of dyeings with K/S value of over 26 at maximum absorption wavelength. The color fastnesses to washing, rubbing and light were also improved significantly for the longer alkyl substituted dyes, so that the hexyl-substituted dye exhibited a rating higher than 4∼5 for all kinds of fastnesses.     

湖南省建设航空护林站可行性研究

从分析湖南省森林资源和森林防火基本情况入手,就湖南省建设航空护林站的必要性、可行性进行初步探讨和研究,认为在湖南省建设航空护林站是必要的,也是可行的.     

水稻糙米蛋白质含量的QTL定位

蛋白质含量是评价稻米品质的一项重要指标,控制水稻糙米蛋白质含量的基因位点是数量性状,检测水稻糙米蛋白质含量的QTL并进行遗传效应分析对于水稻品质遗传育种具有重要的意义.本研究以中优早/丰锦重组自交系群体作为定位群体,结合构建的遗传连锁图谱利用Windows QTL Cartogtapher2.0软件,采用复合区间作图法对水稻糙米蛋白质含量进行QTL定位和效应分析.检测到控制糙米蛋白质含量的QTL 6个(qPc-3、qPc-6、qPc-7、qPc-8-1、qPc-8-2和qPc-11),分别位于第3、6、7、8和11连锁群上.单个QTL对群体表型变异的贡献率为3.79%～19.41%,联合贡献率为61.07%.在这些QTL的区间中,第8染色体的口Pc-8-1基因区域对糙米蛋白质含量具有主效作用.进一步分析和比较了相关研究结果,讨论了研究结果对开展稻米品质遗传育种的意义.     

Hairy Vetch Incorporated as Green Manure Inhibits Sulfathiazole Uptake by Lettuce in Soil

Veterinary antibiotics like sulfonamides are frequently detected in arable lands and they can potentially contaminate food crops. It is thus of great importance to identify strategies to reduce food crops’ uptake of antibiotics. For the first time, using a pot culture experiment, sulfathiazole (STZ) uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in antibiotic-contaminated soils (10 and 100 mg STZ kg^?1 soil) and treated with (in)organic amendments, namely chemical fertilizer (NPK), compost, and hairy vetch, was investigated. Subsequent enhanced plant growth was witnessed when using hairy vetch treatment. The amount of antibiotic uptake was significantly reduced to 5 and 33% with hairy vetch application compared to compost or NPK application at 10 and 100 mg kg^?1 STZ, respectively. The total amounts of accumulated STZ in plant parts increased as the levels of STZ contaminated in soils were increased. STZ was much more abundant in the roots than the leaves. Within 30 days, the extractable STZ in the treated soils—especially with hairy vetch—diminished considerably to concentrations that are frequently detected in arable soils. We conclude that utilization of green manure (cover crop—hairy vetch) is a viable strategy for safer crop production in antibiotic-contaminated soils.     

国审大豆新品种垦豆39的选育及栽培技术要点

垦豆39为黑龙江省农垦科学院农作物开发研究所育成的高产、耐瘠薄、高油新品种,2年区域试验共12点次,平均产量177.2公斤/亩,较对照合丰50增产13.1%。2013—2014年品质分析,平均粗脂肪含量23.05%,粗蛋白含量37.09%。2013—2014年接种鉴定均中感花叶病毒病1号株系、感3号株系、抗灰斑病。在适宜区,出苗至成熟生育日数119天,为中早熟品种。适于黑龙江省第二积温带、吉林省东部半山区、内蒙古兴安盟地区等地区春播种植。     

Long-Term Inorganic Fertilization Effect on the Micronutrient Density in Soil and Rice Grain Cultivated in a South Korean Paddy Field

Soil fertility exerts a direct influence on the essential micronutrient contents of food crops. The focus in this study was on the role that long-term inorganic fertilization (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K)) plays in increasing the micronutrient output of the paddy cropping system. After more than 45 years of inorganic fertilizer application, the combined application of fertilizers (PK > NP > NK) substantially increased As (arsenic), B (boron), Cd (cadmium), Co (cobalt), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Mo (molybdenum), Ni (nickel), Se (selenium), V (vanadium) and Zn (zinc) density in the soil and rice grain. Optimized and continuous application of PK fertilizers increased the overall micronutrient densities in rice milling fractions (grain and bran). Micronutrient concentrations were usually the highest in bran. Both grain and bran were rich in Fe, Mn and Zn. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH and organic matter exert a significant and direct effect on the micronutrient concentration of rice. Although long-term fertilization enhanced the proportion of micronutrients in rice grain, the levels were still much lower than the recommended dietary intake levels for micronutrients. We therefore suggest high consumption levels of brown rice (with micronutrient-dense bran layer) because they may increase the daily intake level of micronutrients and meet the nutritional requirements that people need for sound health.