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101.
The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to fruit-related traits in the tomato subjected to high
temperatures. In total, 160 F2 plants derived from a cross between a heat-tolerant breeding line, CL5915-93D4-1-0-3 (Solanum esculentum), and a heat-sensitive wild accession, L4422 (S. pimpinellifolium), were grown in a greenhouse. Six traits including fruit number, fruit weight, brix, seed number, fruit setting, and flower
number were scored. The distributions of fruit number, fruit set, flower number, and seed number were skewed towards heat
susceptibility which is known to be characteristic of L4422. Polymorphic bands were generated by PCR-derived methods of RAPD,
ISSR and AFLP Polymorphism, the segregation ratio, and distribution over the genome of the above 3 markers were compared.
Ten linkage groups, ranging 20.6–151.6 cM in size, were constructed with 62 informative markers spanning a total of 776.3 cM.
Fruit-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were non-randomly distributed in the tomato genome. For the 6 traits investigated,
21 QTLs were dispersed on linkage groups 2–5. The genetic effects of the various QTLs were differently exhibited, in our study
we have respectively found from 10.5% to 30.2% of the variation explained by the QTL for flower number (FRN4) and brix (BX2).
Thirteen QTL-mapped markers were unique to 1 trait, and 4 markers were linked to more than 1 trait. Among them, QTLs linked
to the I868-470 marker had effects on fruit weight and brix, and a significant positive correlation between these 2 traits
was noted (r = 0.35, P < 0.05). Thus, the I868-470 marker may have the potential for simultaneous selection of high fruit weight and brix. These
markers also allowed us to align genome linkage maps across distantly related species and to reveal the co-localization between
these QTLs and major genes. 相似文献
102.
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a warm-season grass used primarily in pastures and along highways and other low maintenance public areas in Florida.
It is also used in landscapes to some extent because of its drought tolerance. Bahiagrass can survive under a range of moisture
conditions from no irrigation to very wet conditions. Its well-watered consumptive use has not been reported previously. In
this study, bahiagrass crop coefficients (K
c) for an irrigated pasture were determined for July 2003 through December 2006 in central Florida. The eddy correlation method
was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates. The standardized reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equation (ASCE-EWRI standardization of reference evapotranspiration task committee report, 2005) was applied to calculate
ETo values using on site weather data. Daily K
c values were estimated from the ratio of the measured ETc and the calculated ETo. The recommended K
c values for bahiagrass are 0.35 for January–February, 0.55 for March, 0.80 for April, 0.90 for May, 0.75 for June, 0.70 for
July–August, 0.75 for September, 0.70 for October, 0.60 for November, and 0.45 for December in central Florida. The highest
K
c value of 0.9 in May corresponded with maximum vapor pressure deficit conditions as well as cloud free conditions and the
highest incoming solar radiation as compared to the rest of the year. During the summer (June to August), frequent precipitation
events increased the cloud cover and reduced grass water use. The K
c annual trend was similar to estimated K
c values from another well-watered warm-season grass study in Florida. 相似文献
103.
The microcosmical study on many speciments of sedimentary rock by SEM and petrography theory show that rock is formed of microcrystalline and micropore with all kinds of forms.Therefrom the microstructure model of rock is established.Further the three dimensional nonlinear damage constitutive equation and damage evolution equation of layered rock including respective process of damage evolution,mechanical parameter,effective stresses,and unequal biaxial stress in different rocks are derived.The results of the experiment indicate that the theoretical curve is fairly close to the experimental curve. 相似文献
104.
105.
Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore improving water-use efficiency 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):223-223
Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops, durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore, improving water-use efficiency (WUE) of durum wheat represents a major breeding goal. IDu-WUE (Improving Durum wheat for Water Use Efficiency and yield stability through physiological and molecular approaches) is a collaborative project among public and private research centres in Italy, Spain and WANA (West Asia and North Africa) countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Syria and Lebanon) funded by the European Union aimed at investigating the genetic variation for WUE and yield stability in durum wheat grown in Mediterranean droughtprone areas. During the first year of the project, a number of morpho-physiological traits (e.g. early vigour, flowering time, leaf rolling, number of fertile tillers, etc.), WUE, WUE-related traits (e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc.), yield and its components have been investigated in a RIL population (249 lines) and a collection of ca. 190 durum wheat accessions characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium (Maccaferri et al., 2005), 相似文献
106.
Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a
glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined
on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S1, S4, S6, and S9 inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged.
Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will
lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which
these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F1 hybrids needs to be determined. 相似文献
107.
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a highly nutritious crop that is widely grown in Asia, but the flour contains a large portion of the hull if it is ground
with industrial processing since the hull is very hard to remove as it adheres to the testa layer of the groat. Rice-Tartary,
a particular type of Tartary buckwheat, has seeds with a loose hull and the presence of splits on the sides of the seeds that
make dehulling easily. The present study reports on the first attempt of crop improvement in Tartary buckwheat breeding through
hybridization. Hybrids were obtained by hybridization of crosses between Tartary buckwheat and Rice-Tartary. Additional crosses
were made among selected progenies of these crosses. Based on progeny analysis of the F1, F2, and F3, the character of Rice-Tartary, as exhibited as the presence of splits on the sides of the seeds, is controlled by one gene
which is homozygous recessive. A Tartary buckwheat breeding program has been conducted for 6 years based on these crosses.
Advanced lines with easy dehull and yield potential are at the stage of ready for yield trials. Production of easy dehulling
Tartary buckwheat in the future could boost Canada’s domestic and international markets. 相似文献
108.
The height-reducing gene Rht8 was introduced into Italian wheats by breeder Nazareno Strampelli from the Japanese landrace Akakomugi, and has been widely
used in wheats adapted to southern and eastern European conditions. Following identification of a close linkage to Rht8, microsatellite marker Gwm261 has been used extensively to screen large numbers of diverse international germplasm. A 192bp allele at this locus has been
taken as “diagnostic” for Rht8 and used to infer the international distribution of Rht8. In this paper, we report several instances of cultivars and mapping populations that vary for the presence of the 192bp
allele at the Xgwm261 locus (Xgwm261
192
), but with no associated reduction in height, suggesting a lack of association with Rht8. For instance, in the population derived from a cross between Sunco (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261
165
) and Tasman (Rht-D1b, Xgwm261
192
), there were significant height differences associated with the segregation of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, but no height differences between Xgwm261 genotypes. Similar results were obtained in a population derived from the cross between Molineux (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261
192
) and Trident (Rht-D1b Xgwm261
208
). In contrast, the cross between Trident and Chuanmai 18 (Xgwm261
192
) gave significant height effects at both the Rht-D1 and Xgwm261 loci, with no epistatic interaction between loci. Chuanmai 18 is closely related to the Strampelli wheat Mara (ancestrally
derived from Akakomugi) and is therefore likely to carry Rht8. The old Japanese cultivar Norin 10, used by Norman Borlaug to introduce Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b into Mexican wheats, also has a 192bp allele at the Xgwm261 locus, and the sequence of the amplified product is identical to that of Akakomugi. We suggest that the widespread use of
Norin 10-derived germplasm during and after the Green Revolution introduced a second haplotype into international germplasm,
in which Xgwm261
192
has no association with Rht8. Therefore, the presence of Xgwm261
192
is only indicative of Rht8 in wheat cultivars that have inherited this allele from Akakomugi or a Strampelli wheat ancestor. 相似文献
109.
Harmful algal blooms pose a challenge regarding food safety due to their erratic nature and forming circumstances which are yet to be disclosed. The best strategy to protect human consumers is through legislation and monitoring strategies. Global warming and anthropological intervention aided the migration and establishment of emerging toxin producers into Europe’s temperate waters, creating a new threat to human public health. The lack of information, standards, and reference materials delay effective solutions, being a matter of urgent resolution. In this work, the recent findings of the presence of emerging azaspiracids, spirolildes, pinnatoxins, gymnodimines, palitoxins, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and tetrodotoxins on European Coasts are addressed. The information concerning emerging toxins such as new matrices, locations, and toxicity assays is paramount to set the risk assessment guidelines, regulatory levels, and analytical methodology that would protect the consumers. 相似文献
110.
Lifang Liu Qianli Wang Longdi Cheng Jingfang Qian Jianyong Yu 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(1):95-103
Natural bamboo fibers have excellent properties suggesting that there is a good potential for them to be used in textiles;
however, they have not received the attention that they deserve owing to their coarse and stiff quality. Therefore, a chemical
method for extraction and modification of natural bamboo fibers for textile end uses were developed and optimized in this
paper. The quality of natural bamboo fibers were characterized by their chemical composition, linear density, and tenacity.
Experimental results show that the modified bamboo fibers are finer, with significant lower content of noncellulosic substances.
The processing parameters are optimized as: 20 g/l NaOH, 3 g/l Na5P3O10, 5 g/l Na2SO3, 3 g/l penetrating agent, with a fiber to liquid ratio of 1:10, at 100 °C for 2 h, and the bamboo fiber thus produced has cellulose
amount of 73.25 %, fineness of 3.26 tex, average length of 44.5 mm, breaking elongation of 2.8 % and tenacity of 2.41 cN/dtex.
The result of this study may offer a possibility of developing natural bamboo fibers into practical applications in textiles. 相似文献