山羊-绵羊异质体细胞克隆胚中线粒体DNA的杂合性分析

摘要：线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中唯一存在有核外遗传物质的细胞器，其功能的正常表达需要核与线粒体的相互作用。线粒体 DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)编码电子传递链所需酶中的一些多肽亚基及多种 tRNA 和 rRNA，其余的亚基由核基因编码。异种体细胞核移植可能导致重构胚中 mtDNA 的杂合现象。本实验采用 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP）的方法分析以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体，以去核的绵羊 MⅡ 期卵母细胞为核受体构建的异质克隆胚中线粒体的来源及组成比例。结果表明： 8-cell之前的异质克隆胚中供受体 mtDNA 的比例变化不大，1-cell、2-cell、4-cell、8-cel异质克隆胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 占受体细胞 mtDNA 的比例分别为2.5±0.8 %；2.8±0.6 %；1.9±0.4 %；1.7±0.6 %， 彼此之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；然而，异质克隆囊胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 的比例下降为0.3±0.1 %，与前四者相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

不同温度对杏鲍菇减压贮藏品质的影响

为了研究减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的适宜贮藏温度,以杏鲍菇为试材,采用0.07 mm厚的低密度聚乙烯袋抽真空至0.06 MPa减压包装后,分别置于0、2、4、6和8℃下贮藏,研究了不同贮藏温度对减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的生理生化及品质的影响。结果表明:2、4℃较好地保持了杏鲍菇超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)(P0.01)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性(P0.05),有效抑制了丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的上升(P0.01),降低了呼吸强度(P0.01),延缓了杏鲍菇子实体的衰老进程,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼性;降低了杏鲍菇的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性(P0.01),有效抑制了杏鲍菇的褐变,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的色泽(P0.01)。因此,2~4℃为杏鲍菇减压贮藏条件下的适宜贮藏温度,有效延缓了杏鲍菇的后熟衰老进程,延长了杏鲍菇的贮藏期,从而为杏鲍菇的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据和技术方法。     

人工林班克松木材材质径向变异规律研究

以人工林班克松的木材解剖性质为研究对象,分析研究其株内木材材质径向变异模式,对其幼龄材和成熟材进行初步界定。结果表明：早材管胞径弦向直径和晚材胞壁率的变化符合PashinⅠ模型,早材胞壁率的变化符合PanshinⅢ模型;回归分析中早材拟合度较晚材好;幼龄材和成熟材的初步界定年限为9-11a。     

黑龙江省乌拉嘎金矿废弃地植被恢复情况研究

在结合黑龙江省实际情况,通过文献资料检索,对黑龙江省的矿区废弃地实地调查监测,对黑龙江乌拉嘎金矿矿区废弃地展开生态恢复现状的调查研究。利用先进的检测手段,采用科学的评价方法,系统分析和研究黑龙江省森工总局所管理的矿区废弃地对环境的影响,全面评估矿区废弃地复垦的成效,着眼于目前黑龙江省的矿区废弃地的生态恢复情况,研究矿区土地复垦技术并结合我省生态环境的应用,提炼总结黑龙江省的矿区废弃地复垦的经验和模式,为黑龙江省的矿区废弃地生态恢复提供基础资料与技术支持。     

食用菌仿野生栽培在北京生态涵养发展区的作用与展望

食用菌仿野生栽培能够有效利用人工林和天然林的大环境,产品天然优质。介绍了北京生态涵养发展区野生菌原始的生长状态、食用菌仿野生栽培的环境优势、仿野生栽培的作用、仿野生食用茵产品的优缺点、仿野生栽培适宜的种类、技术和发展前景等．     

银杏新品种‘金带’

‘金带’是对斑叶银杏进行枝条和植株优选,通过嫁接繁殖试验,选育获得的斑叶银杏新品种.主要特点是叶片为扇形,中裂较浅,叶缘浅波状,有长柄;叶片有黄绿相间的条纹,斑纹叶片底色绿色,其上间有黄色竖条纹.斑纹叶占全树全部叶片的40％～80％.雌株,雌球花有长梗,梗端有1～2盘状珠座,每座生1胚珠,发育成种子.种子核果状,近球形,外种皮肉质,有白粉.10-11月果熟,熟时淡黄或橙黄色,有臭味.中种皮骨质,白色;内种皮膜质.叶片春夏秋3季均能保持特色,可广泛应用于行道、公园、庭院、广场、旅游景点等.     

Neuroprotective labdane diterpenes from Fritillaria ebeiensis

By bioactivity-guided isolation, two labdane diterpenes (1 and 2) have been isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria ebeiensis. Their structures were elucidated as 6α,7β-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene (1) and 6-oxo-2α-hydroxy-labda-7,12(E), 14-triene (2), on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Both of the isolates showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.     

Cellular mechanisms underlying Hyperin-induced relaxation of rat basilar artery

Background and aim

Hyperin, a flavonol compound extracted from the Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic, is reported to exert protective actions in cerebral ischemic injury. The specific aim of the present study was to study the relaxation of Hyperin in rat isolated basilar artery and identify the underlying cellular mechanisms.

Methods

Rat isolated basilar artery segments were cannulated and perfused while being superfused with PSS solution. Vessel images were recorded by video microscopy and diameters measured. Membrane potential was recorded using glass microelectrodes to evaluate the basilar artery smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization.

Results

Perfusion of Hyperin (1 ~ 100 μM) elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of basilar artery segments preconstricted with 0.1 μM U46619. The response was significantly inhibited by the removal of the endothelium. Hyperin also elicited marked and concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. 30 μM nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), partially inhibited Hyperin-induced relaxation and hyperpolarization leaving an attenuated, but significant, endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization. This remaining effect was almost completely blocked by 1 mM tetraethylammonium (an inhibitor of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels), or by 100 μM DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (a synthase of the endogenous H₂S).

Conclusion

These findings show that Hyperin produces significant hyperpolarization in rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells and relaxation through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms appeared to be multi-factorial involving nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Our data further suggest that endogenous H₂S is a component of the EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation to Hyperin.     

浅析框架结构设计中的“强柱弱梁”问题

"强柱弱梁"是确保大震不倒的一项重要设计原则,是框架结构的基本抗震手段和重要措施,是一种理想的抗震屈服体制,但真正实现起来却有一定难度。     

Molecular genetic and chemical assessment of radix Angelica (Danggui) in China

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used for invigorating blood circulation for over 2000 years in China. Three common species of Angelica roots are found in Asia: A. sinensis from China, A. acutiloba from Japan, and A. gigas from Korea. By using a molecular genetic approach, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains of the three species of Angelica were amplified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequences among various species was found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Angelica roots. In chemical analyses, the main constituents of Angelica roots including ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide were determined by HPLC; roots of A. sinensis were clearly distinct in that they contained approximately 10-fold higher levels of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide as compared to roots of A. acutiloba and A. gigas. In addition, the amounts of main constituents in roots of A. sinensis varied according to different regions of cultivation and different methods of preservation. The chemical profile determined by HPLC therefore could serve as a fingerprint for quality control of Angelica roots.