QTL controlling partial resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in winter wheat cultivar Alba

Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important foliar and glume disease in cereals. Inheritance of SNB resistance in wheat appears quantitative. The development of partially resistant cultivars seems to be the only effective way to combat the pathogen. Partial resistance components like length of incubation period (INC), disease severity (DIS) and length of latent period (LAT) were evaluated on a population of doubled-haploids derived from a cross between the partially resistant cultivar Alba and the susceptible cultivar Begra. Experiments were conducted in controlled environments and the fifth leaf was examined. Molecular analyses were based on bulked segregant analyses (BSA) and screening with 240 microsatellites DNA markers. The QTL analysis revealed QTL on chromosome 6AL (designated as QSnl.ihar-6A) and putative QTL on chromosome 6D. The QSnl.ihar-6A accounted for 36% of the phenotypic variance for DIS and 14% for INC. The putative QTL accounted for 10% of the variability in INC and 8% of DIS components of SNB resistance.     

马蔺种子萌发特性的研究

马蔺种子休眠是由于胚被厚实的胚乳紧紧包围所致。室内萌发及田间出苗实验证实，温度和水份是种子萌发的主导因素。除此之外，北京地区干籽预浸，即在25～30℃中吸胀1～2d，并于6～7月播种，田间萌发效果最佳。     

白银市相对资源承载力演化过程分析

为了弄清白银市的资源承载能力水平,运用相对资源承载力的研究思路,分别以全国、甘肃省和兰州市作为参照区,动态分析了该区域1996-2005年各种资源的相对承载力以及综合资源承载力。结果表明：①与全国或兰州市相比,白银市的综合资源承载力均处于超载状态,但近年来超载程度有所下降。2005年末,综合资源承载力均约为163万人,尚超载12万人。②与甘肃省相比,白银市的综合资源承载力处于富余状态,且有上升的态势。2005年末,综合资源承载力为231万人,富余56万人。③白银市自然资源对其综合资源承载力的贡献都最大,均在42%以上,是综合资源承载力的主要贡献源。以全国为参照区,社会资源对资源承载力增长的贡献最大,自然资源最小;以甘肃省为参照区,经济资源对资源承载力增长的的贡献最大,自然资源最小;以兰州市为参照区,自然资源对资源承载力增长的贡献最大,社会资源贡献最小。     

适宜共混速度改善低密度聚乙烯/竹粉复合材料力学与流变性能

该文主要研究共混速度对(low density polyethylene,LDPE)/竹粉木塑复合材料、流变性能和吸水率的影响。采用熔融共混方法制备LDPE/竹粉复合材料,通过旋转流变仪、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和材料试验机等详细研究了共混速度(40,75和100 r/min)对LDPE/竹粉复合材料的复合材料动态力学性能、形态、吸水率和力学性能的影响。在LDPE/竹粉复合材料,LDPE、增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene,MAPE)和竹粉的质量比控制在65∶5∶30。共混温度和时间分别设定为170℃和10 min。结果表明,添加竹粉可有效增强LDPE的力学性能。LDPE/竹粉复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着共混速度的增加而呈现下降趋势,但是与纯LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别增加了28%和115%;弯曲模量从48.45 MPa降低到40.75 MPa。与LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的弯曲模量最高增加了238%;缺口冲击强度则从12.8 k J/m2提高到18.27 k J/m2,但仍低于纯LDPE。在相同频率下(1.0 Hz),随着共混速度的增加,LDPE/竹粉复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度也逐渐下降,加工性能得到了改善;同时复合材料的吸水率也从0.89%(40 r/min)下降至0.59%(100 r/min)。SEM结果表明,竹粉能均匀分布在LDPE中,提高共混速度使得竹粉表面被大量树脂覆盖,改善了界面性能,使得材料断裂面产生大量的塑性形变,提高了材料韧性和冲击强度。试验结果证实共混速度为100 r/min时,LDPE/竹粉复合材料具有较好的冲击强度和较低的吸水率,这为木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水率的改善提供有意借鉴。     

农用车底盘偏置转向轴驱动轮运动与动力特性试验

为研究农用柔性底盘偏置转向轴驱动轮的运动与动力特性,设计了基于偏置转向结构的实验台。该实验台是一种水平转盘式的电动驱动轮性能测试试验台,且转盘的回转轴与偏置转向轴同轴,通过对电动轮及其车叉的试验分析来获取驱动轮的动力与运动参数。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立试验台模型并模拟了试验过程;试制了试验台并应用Visual Basic开发了试验台记录软件。在额定转速下进行了不同加载量的性能试验并与模拟结果进行了比较。试验结果表明:加载不同载荷时,电动轮达到稳定转速平均时间稳定为0.667 s;承载载荷500 N时的转向力为77.24 N,且偏置轴转向力与载荷呈线性关系,验证了实验台的可行性及模型的有效性。该研究可为偏置转向轴驱动轮的转向及参数优化提供参考。     

条状组培苗负压拾取手设计与试验

目前,组培苗移植设备中针对组培苗抓取主要采用尺寸定位方式夹持,夹持手结构复杂,占用空间大,且对幼嫩的组培苗会有一定的损伤,影响后期成活率。为克服以上问题,该研究设计了一基于负压吸附的力定位单株条状组培苗拾取手,并对负压拾取手吸嘴内腔体,吸嘴材料及吸嘴口尺寸进行了设计。该论文对吸嘴内腔体形式采用CFD(computational fluid dynamic)软件进行了仿真分析,并通过拾取对比试验验证,确定吸嘴内腔体采用变形腔体结构为宜;对吸嘴材料及吸嘴口尺寸进行正交试验、单因素试验及交互作用试验,试验结果表明在组培苗吸嘴采用厚度为0.5 mm,内径为6 mm硅胶管,吸嘴口处长圆形半径为0.7 mm,吸嘴口唇高为1.5 mm的组合下,拾取手吸嘴对苗径在1.2~2.0 mm范围内的单株条状组培苗拾取效果稳定。在较优组合条件下,整体性能试验证明组培苗负压拾取手拾取系统吸附成功率可达到98%,能够满足下一步的移植插入作业要求。     

黄土高原沟壑区人工草地生产力研究—以长武王东沟试验区苜蓿地为例

该以长武王东试区苜蓿为例，根据草地生产力形成机制，结合一系列试验数据，探讨了人工草地生产潜力及其载畜量的估算方法。析人工草地生产力形成过程，量化了各种生态因子的产量效应，指明了提高草地生产力及其载畜量的有效途径。     

黑土区基准坡长和LS算法对地形因子的影响

该文结合小区实测坡长资料及Mc Cool数据,对地形因子算法中涉及的基准坡长影响和不同算法计算值的特征进行了讨论。研究表明,在坡长较小的情况下,20和22.13 m基准坡长计算得到的坡长因子相差不大,但随着坡度增加,在坡长指数的复合影响下,两者的差异渐趋增大。理论分析表明,坡长指数采用与坡度相关的变值更为合理。通过与实测数据对比发现,修正版通用土壤侵蚀模型(RUSLE)算法中的坡长因子与其更为接近,结合与Mc Cool数据的对比分析表明,研究区坡长指数更适合细沟和细沟间侵蚀比率中等的情形,或者采用RUSLE模型算法计算得到。同时研究发现,张宪奎算法、Moore算法、Desmet算法和B?hner算法计算得到的LS因子值都要比参照值小,而且4种算法与参照值的接近程度依次降低。空间分布特征而言,栅格累计算法总体较为破碎,并在平直坡面出现较多平行分布条带,而含有面积指标的其他3种算法则总体呈现光滑连续特性,但有无数据区域的存在。该结果对于研究区土壤侵蚀模型地形因子算法选择具有一定的现实意义。     

浅谈长武王东试区“八五”土地利用规划

该文依据景观生态学原理和土地经济学特性(土地肥力、报酬递增性、土地经济供给的有限性)等理论及长武王东试区土地资源背景,论述了王东“八五”期间土地利用规划的要点:1.保持耕地面积的相对稳定;2.适度发展果园;3.加强现有林的抚育,增造灌木林;4.维持一定的牧草地面积,提高产草量;5.控制塬面村庄扩展。     

Selection of Tolerant Plants and Their Arrangement to Restore a Forest Ecosystem Damaged by Air Pollution

Plants tolerant to polluted environments were selected, based on several criteria, to restore a coastal forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollutants discharged from an industrial complex. In addition, a restoration plan was prepared synthesizing these results and the diagnostic ecological indicators in the area for which restoration is required. Pollution-tolerant plants of 11 tree and subtree species, 10 herb species and one shrub species were selected from field surveys in the vicinity of two representative industrial complexes in Korea, Ulsan and Yeocheon. Nine species were selected for tolerance to SO₂ fumigation and six species were selected for tolerance to Al³⁺. Growth and photosynthetic responses of sample plants transplanted into polluted and unpolluted sites showed that 15 species out of the 26 sample plants showed a disposition for tolerance. Most of these are endemic plants and they are composed of diverse species in structure and function. This result implies that these tolerant species could play important roles in the restoration of the study area, which has several specific features. On the other hand, results from transplant tests indicate that a field survey is the most reasonable method for selection of tolerant plants to restore a pollution-damaged ecosystem, as was shown in another restoration program. Results of ecological analysis on vegetation map indicate that the spatial range within the first ridge is the sector for which restoration is required. This sector was classified into four zones on the basis of topographic conditions: lower and upper slopes of both slopes facing and opposite the pollution source. Guidelines for soil amelioration and arrangement of tolerant plants were prepared considering the degree of vegetation degradation, leaf damage of major plant species and soil pollution in each zone under the restoration plan.