禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA、H9HA亚型夹心ELISA方法的建立

将禽流感病毒(AIV)H5、H7、H9血凝素亚型标准血清中的IgG作为包被抗体,H5、H7、H9血凝素亚型单克隆抗体作为第二抗体,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA(AC-ELISA)方法,并优化了反应条件.结果表明:单抗和标准血清最适工作质量浓度分别为5、10 mg/L,标准阳性血清于4℃包被12 h,二抗作用条件为37℃作用1 h,封闭条件为37℃作用1 h,酶标抗体工作条件为1∶5 000稀释后,37℃作用1 h,底物作用条件为37℃作用10 min.阴阳性抗原临界值为0.274～0.332.本方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性.     

秋丰白玉异品系比较试验

近年来,蚕品种秋丰×白玉有不少改良品系,为摸清秋丰×白玉各品系之间的异同,根据省农业厅蚕种公司的部署,在德清县进行了秋丰×白玉各原种品系及其一代杂交种的比较试验,现将试验结果报告如下。     

Ontogeny of testicular inhibin and activin in ducks: An immunocytochemical analysis

The ontogeny of testicular inhibin/activin in ducks was investigated. Testicular localization of three inhibin/activin subunits (α, β_A and β_B) was determined in embryonic and newly hatched ducks from 12 days of incubation to 1 day of age, in immature ducks and in adult ducks. In the duck embryonic testis, positive α‐subunit immunostaining was first detected in the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells on day 15 of incubation, whereas β_A‐subunit and β_B‐subunit immunostaining were found in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells on day 18 of incubation. In 1 month old ducks, intense staining of α‐subunit was present in the seminiferous epithelium consistent with localization in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells, and the immunostaining of the β_A‐ and β_B‐subunit was also present in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells. Specific immunostaining with inhibin/activin α‐, β_A‐ and β_B‐subunits antisera occurred in Sertoli cells in the adult duck testes. In conclusion, it was shown that, in the duck testis, the majority of α‐, β_A‐ and β_B‐subunits are colocalized in Sertoli cells with a certain degree of staining in germ cells and the α‐subunit is present in Leydig cells of embryonic testes before day 18 of incubation. These results indicate that Sertoli cells and possibly germ cells in the embryonic testes of late stage of incubation and newly hatched ducks, immature ducks and mature ducks may produce bioactive inhibin dimers, inhibin A and inhibin B, as a possible regulator of follicle‐stimulating hormone secretion. Free inhibin/activin subunits and their dimers may also play an autocrine/paracrine role in the development of the testis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, early onset of the α‐subunit in duck testes indicates that it may have an autocrine/paracrine effect on steroid hormones, which is important for sex differentiation.     

鸭禽流感免疫抗体血凝检测及其应用

鸭是禽流感传播链中的一个重要环节,能否有效防控鸭禽流感的关键之一是使用科学的检测方法.目前,是参照禽流感血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验标准(GB/T18936-2003)[1],但是,鸭体内含有非特异性抑制因子,血清中的唾液酸残基会模拟红细胞受体,同红细胞受体竞争与流感病毒血凝素的结合,因而会导致非特异性抑制结果(假阳性)的出现,用鸡红细胞悬液检测水禽禽流感血清抗体时,常常存在非特异性凝集现象,出现前带和后带现象,有时能严重影响结果的判定.为此,本文采用不同种家禽的红细胞悬液做重复试验,探讨水禽血清的处理方法及不同种的家禽红细胞悬液对水禽禽流感血清抗体检测的影响, 在临床应用中,可为鸭禽流感免疫技术提供参考依据.     

云南干热河谷旱坡地南洋樱植物篱水土保持效益研究

对云南元谋干热河谷旱坡地水土流失和土壤退化严重的地区,引进豆科速生树种南洋樱,以30 cm×40 cm株行距、品字形双行等高栽植快速形成植物围篱。结果表明,南洋樱植物篱在元谋干热河谷旱坡地生长良好,并且在种植3年间,治理区径流发生次数明显减少,年径流模数减少了29.13×104m3/km2,减少率76.90%;土壤年退化减少12 986.8 t/km2,减少率76.02%。研究区降水量与径流量间者的相关系数由建植篱前的显著相关变为不显著;有机质和钾流失减少量高达3 111.64 kg/hm2和3276.57 kg/hm2。南洋樱植物篱在控制旱坡地水土流失、减少土壤侵蚀和改善土壤养分等效益显著。     

Genomic differentiation with isolation by distance along a latitudinal gradient in the spotted-leg treefrog Polypedates megacephalus

The patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) entailing increased genetic differentiation among populations have aroused extensive concerns for evolutionary biologists. Although the IBD may act on spatial processes contributing to the genetic differentiation among populations in anuran species, the factors shaping the IBD of frogs among populations in natural systems are largely unknown. Here, we studied the genetic differentiation among six populations with 24 individuals of the spotted-leg treefrog along a latitudinal gradient (1860.31 km) based on 1020 single nucleotide polymorphisms from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. The results showed that the genetic diversity differed significantly among populations and that the insular populations had higher genetic diversity than the mainland populations. Furthermore, we also found a significant genetic differentiation among populations (F_ST = 0.277) and no sign of inbreeding (F_UNI = −0.145). The IBD was detected for all populations, and a higher degree of the IBD was indicated when controlling for the effects of the isolation between Hainan and mainland populations caused by the Qiongzhou Strait. Our findings suggest that the form of the Qiongzhou Strait plays a key role in shaping the genetic diversity and population differentiation in treefrogs.     

牛支原体间接免疫酶标组织化学检测方法的建立

为建立检测牛支原体的间接免疫组织化学(简称免疫组化)方法,分别以鸡抗牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)IgY、羊抗鸡IgG-HRP为一抗和二抗,对牛支原体菌体涂片和牛支原体阳性肺脏组织切片进行免疫组化染色,并对染色条件进行优化,确定组织触片及组织切片的最佳免疫组化条件。在最佳条件下对病死犊牛病料切片进行免疫组化检测,并以细菌分离培养和PCR方法进行验证。结果显示,免疫组化法阳性标本与分离培养和PCR结果相符,而阴性对照和替代试验均为阴性。结果表明本试验建立的间接免疫组化方法可用于检测临床病例组织样本及培养物中的牛支原体,具有特异性和可靠性,为探究该病原在机体内的定位、动态分布规律及致病机理提供了手段。     

武冈铜鹅与其他3种鹅肉品质特性的比较

本试验旨在测定武冈铜鹅、四川白鹅、武川鹅以及天府肉鹅的常规肉品质和矿物质元素、氨基酸、风味脂肪酸、肌苷酸含量及肌纤维直径与密度,并进行比较。选取1日龄体格健壮的武冈铜鹅、四川白鹅、武川鹅和天府肉鹅各30只,分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只鹅,公母各占1/2,饲喂相同饲粮。试验期为70 d。结果表明:1)武冈铜鹅胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.05),胸肌粗脂肪含量显著高于四川白鹅(P<0.05);而腿肌粗脂肪含量与其他3种鹅差异不显著(P>0.05),腿肌贮存损失率显著低于其他3种鹅(P<0.05)。2)武冈铜鹅肌肉铁、镁、钾含量均显著高于四川白鹅和天府肉鹅(P<0.05)。3)武冈铜鹅肌肉中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸的含量极显著高于武川鹅和四川白鹅(P<0.01),甘氨酸和脯氨酸含量极显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.01),而胱氨酸和苯丙氨酸与其他3种鹅差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)武冈铜鹅肌肉中肉豆蔻酸含量极显著高于其他3种鹅(P<0.01);十六烯酸含量极显著高于武川鹅(P<0.01);亚麻酸含量显著高于武川鹅(P<0.05);二十烯酸含量极显著高于天府肉鹅(P<0.01)。5)武冈铜鹅胸肌肌纤维密度显著高于四川白鹅和武川鹅(P<0.05),而各组肌纤维直径没有显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,武冈铜鹅肌肉品质以及风味优于武川鹅、四川白鹅以及天府肉鹅。     

猪附红细胞体和弓形体病继发猪瘟的诊断与防制

2004年2月至3月，湖北剂州某市八宝、中洲、老城、胡家岗和荆闸等乡镇自然村多家个体养猪专业户在断奶仔猪中爆发一种以体温高、贫血、黄疸、精神沉郁，先便秘后拉稀为特征的传染病。医治不见好转，先后死亡450多头。于3月中旬和下旬分2批将病猪送到我院进行诊断，经剖检、实验室检验和动物试验，最后确诊为猪附红细胞体和弓形体病继发猪瘟，采用超量免疫及综合防制措施，使本病得到了有效的控制。