13种蒲公英属植物核型似近系数聚类分析

为探究蒲公英属植物亲缘关系,本研究对13种蒲公英属（Taraxacum. F. H. Wigg.）植物进行了核型似近系数聚类分析,并计算了物种间遗传距离。结果表明：当核型似近系数接近0.6960时,13种蒲公英可以聚为4大类群;当核型似近系数接近0.4641时,13种蒲公英共属一类。异苞蒲公英与狭戟片蒲公英的亲缘关系最近,其似近系数最大,为0.9969,核型进化距离最小,为0.0031;多裂蒲公英和亚洲蒲公英的亲缘关系最远,似近系数为0.3343,核型进化距离为1.0959。本研究结果为蒲公英属植物的亲缘关系辨析、种质鉴定及物种进化分析提供依据。     

Effects of Mixed Caulis Lonicerae japonicae Extracts on Fracture Healing and Anti-inflammation

This experiment was aimed to study the effects of mixed Caulis Lonicerae japonicae extracts on fracture healing and inflammation. Rabbit right radius fracture model was induced by dental drill in order to study the medicine's effect on fracture healing. Moreover,the contents of Ca,P and alkaline phosphatase in serum were measured to explore the influences of mixed Caulis Lonicerae japonicae extracts on serum biochemical indexes of fractured rabbits.RAW264.7 cell was induced by LPS in order to research the effect of medicine on inflammation. The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and NO were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the rabbit fracture model was successfully prepared by dental drill, and the extracts of Caulis Lonicerae japonicae could increase the levels of Ca and alkaline phosphatase and reduce the P content in the serum of fractured rabbits. The TNF-α,IL-1β and NO levels in RAW264.7 cell induced by LPS were significantly inhibited by the extracts with concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL (P<0.05). However, the extracts had no significant effect on the level of IL-6 (P>0.05). These results demonstrated that the extracts of mixed Caulis Lonicerae japonicae could promote the fracture healing and possessed good resistance inflammation effect.     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

银杏叶提取物对发酵乳贮藏期理化和感官特性的影响

[目的]考察不同添加量银杏叶提取物对发酵乳贮藏期品质的影响。[方法]采用持水率、黏度、乳酸菌活菌数、抗氧化能力、感官评价方法测定不同添加量银杏叶提取物制备的发酵乳,并结合多元统计分析方法进行分析。[结果]银杏叶提取物对乳酸杆菌和链球菌的活力没有显著影响,为保证活菌数在1.0×107 CFU/g以上,建议该发酵乳最多冷藏9天。在酸奶中添加银杏叶提取物可提高其抗氧化特性。添加银杏叶提取物的酸奶样品与对照组在风味和口感方面存在差异,且添加量越大差异越明显。[结论]银杏叶提取物本身作为一种中成药,具有成为一种新的功能性酸奶成分的巨大潜力。     

成对或不成对反转试验设计

本文系统探讨了反转试验（交叉设计）设计的数学模型。统计分析方法和原理以及设计要求，根据t-测验思想，给出了成对或不成对反转试验设计的原理和方法。     

草地早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长对铅胁迫的适应性

为研究草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）对铅（Pb）的适应性,本研究采用盆栽试验分析了铅胁迫（Pb²⁺浓度为0,100,200,300,400,500,600 mg·L^-1）下草地早熟禾种子的萌发情况和幼苗生理生化的变化,结果显示：萌发期,随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加,发芽率和芽苗的芽长先升高后降低;发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗的根长和苗重均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而逐渐降低;幼苗期,叶绿素含量在Pb²⁺浓度小于200 mg·L^-1时无明显变化,在Pb²⁺浓度大于400 mg·L^-1时显著低于对照;细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）和脯氨酸（Proline,Pro）含量均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而升高,保护酶活性和活性氧自由基均随着Pb²⁺浓度增加先升高后降低。试验结果表明浓度小于200 mg·L^-1的铅胁迫可促进草地早熟禾种子的发芽,大于300 mg·L^-1则显著抑制;苗期在Pb²⁺浓度小于400 mg·L^-1时草地早熟禾可通过激活自身的抗氧化酶系统和增加Pro含量抑制细胞膜相对透性、MDA和活性氧自由基的增加以适应Pb²⁺胁迫,大于400 mg·L^-1时则影响其正常生长,可见土壤中铅浓度小于300 mg·L^-1的铅污染地区可种植草地早熟禾绿化环境。     

晋中盆地15个青贮玉米品种生产性能及营养价值评价

为筛选出适合在晋中盆地种植的青贮玉米（Zea mays L.）品种,本试验应用相对饲用价值（Relative feed value,RFV）、粗饲料分级指数（Grading index,GI₂₀₀₁）、模糊概率法对从河南大京九农业开发有限公司引种的15个青贮玉米品种的农艺性状、生产性能及营养成分进行了综合评价。试验结果表明：15个青贮玉米品种间株高、穗位高、干草产量、粗蛋白、淀粉、中性洗涤纤维（Neutral detergent fiber,NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（Acid detergent fiber,ADF）含量均差异显著（P<0.05）;‘雅玉988’株高和穗位高最高,分别为336.0 cm和181.4 cm,抗倒性最差,NDF含量最低（43.97%）,但保绿性突出;‘雅玉79491’干草产量最高（31.53 t·hm^-2）,株高适中,无倒伏;‘新科910’干草产量较高,品质较好,粗蛋白和淀粉含量最高,分别为8.28%和24.28%,ADF含量最低（24.47%）;‘雅玉04889’干草产量较高,保绿性较好,株高较高,抗倒性强。根据田间表现和综合评价结果,在本试验选取的15个玉米品种中,‘新科910’、‘雅玉79491’、‘雅玉04889’为最适宜在晋中盆地推广种植的青贮玉米品种。     

小檗碱对炎症性肠病肠道屏障的影响及其信号通路

小檗碱是传统中药黄连等植物的主要活性成分,具有抗菌消炎、调节机体免疫等作用,可改善由炎症性肠病(IBD)导致的肠道屏障损伤。小檗碱通过抑制Toll样受体(TLRs)/核转录因子κB(NF⁃κB)、Janus活化激酶(JAK)/信号转导与转录激活子(STAT)信号通路和激活胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF⁃1)/胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBPs)信号通路,缓解IBD引起的肠道机械屏障、化学屏障、免疫屏障和微生物屏障功能损伤。本文就小檗碱的来源及理化性质、IBD的病理特征、小檗碱对IBD肠道屏障的修复作用及其信号通路进行综述,以期为畜牧生产中保护动物肠道健康提供参考。     

食品药品安全存在的问题分析与对策

食品药品安全与广大人民群众的日常生活息息相关,其不仅会直接影响人们的身体健康,还会危及人们的生命安全,目前已成为人们关注的热点问题。对当前我国出现的食品药品安全问题的特点、现状进行了分析,并从强化对食品药品源头污染的治理,加强食品药品安全管理工作的领导,完善法制、联合执法,加强行业自律、充分发挥行业协会的积极作用,加强舆论监督,提高食品药品安全意识几个方面提出了解决问题的对策。     

植酸酶对0～3周樱桃谷鸭生长性能、钙、磷表观存留率影响

为了在负对照组 (钙、磷水平各减少 0 .1 % )日粮基础上添加植酸酶对肉鸭生长、钙、磷表观存留率的影响 ,用 64只 1日龄樱桃谷鸭进行试验 ,按体重随机分为 4组 ,代谢期 6天。试验组鸭分别添加植酸酶 30 0和 50 0PU/kg。结果表明 :添加植酸酶显著提高试鸭的日采食量、日增重、钙、磷的表观存留率 ,植酸酶可以部分替代磷酸氢钙