饲粮添加短乳杆菌对生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)对生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择108头平均体重为(24.49±1.61)kg的(70±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交生长猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头猪。3组猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.05%短乳杆菌(试验Ⅰ组)和基础饲粮+0.10%短乳杆菌(试验Ⅱ组),试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组的平均日采食量、料重比和试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的料重比极显著降低(P<0.01);2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组粪便中的乳酸菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);3)与对照组相比,试验组的血清白蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),其中试验Ⅱ组达到极显著水平(P<0.01);球蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01);白球比极显著降低(P<0.01);结合珠蛋白含量极显著降低(P<0.01);干扰素γ含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结果提示,短乳杆菌能够显著改善生长猪肠道菌群环境,提高机体免疫力,改善生长性能。     

4个白羊草居群产量及营养品质等特性的比较研究

为选育出优良的白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng)品种,对4个白羊草居群在山西晋中地区进行比较试验。分别对其播种当年的生育期、生产性能、营养品质进行了研究。结果表明:4个白羊草居群在晋中地区播种当年均能完成整个生育期,具有较强的生态适应性。在生产性能方面,太谷居群具有最高的鲜草、干草产量和干鲜比,其次是平定居群,而代县和平鲁居群表现一般;在营养品质方面,太谷居群同样优于其他居群,其粗蛋白(CP)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量均为最高,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均为最低,茎叶比较低。综合分析表明,太谷居群表现最好,具有较大的选育驯化潜力。     

Distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum

Fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in Korea. Due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype Gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by PCR and direct sequencing, respectively. Out of 90 strains, 35 (39%) carried class 1 integrons. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0kbp amplicons were amplified in 32 strains (36%), 2 strains (2%) and 1 strain (1%), respectively. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 kbp amplicons contained one (aadA1a), two (aadB-aadA1b) and three cassettes (dhfrXII-orfF-aadA2), respectively, providing resistances against aminoglycosides (aadA1a, aadA1b, aadB, and aadA2) and trimethoprim (dhfrXII). The integron-carrying strains of biotype Gallinarum appeared in 1996 and acquired additional cassettes in 2000. Although the resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol are unrelated to class 1 integrons, relatively high prevalence of integron in biotype Gallinarum may be a dormant threat to the chemotherapy of the disease in the near future because of potency to acquire additional antibiotics resistances.     

Small molecule lactoferrin with an inflammatory effect but no apparent antibacterial activity in mastitic mammary gland secretion

We have identified various lactoferrin (Lf) molecules in mastitic mammary gland secretions (MGSs), and these Lf molecules were examined for their physiological function in MG. These Lf molecules were isolated by Con A affinity chromatography, and then analyzed by various electrophoresis methods and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The low Con A affinity Lf was found to have low molecular peptides as compared with the 86 kDa of the high Con A affinity Lf, which is usually detected in healthy MGSs. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of each of the small molecular Lfs were confirmed as fragments of 86 kDa Lf. This low Con A affinity Lf stimulated spleen adherent cells to produce more O(2)(-) than 86 kDa Lf. Furthermore, the low Con A affinity Lf showed low antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and had decreased iron-binding capacity in comparison with 86 kDa Lf. Moreover, the 86 kDa Lf could stimulate bovine T cells or macrophages to produce IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-1alpha. However low Con A affinity Lf induced the production of TNFalpha, but not physiological T cell or macrophage cytokines. It was also found that when the healthy MGs of dry cows were injected with the low Con A affinity Lf, there was an increase in polymorphonuclear cells together with TNFalpha, MCP-1, and IL-8 production. These results suggested that low Con A affinity Lf in mastitic MGSs differed from 86 kDa Lf in physiological characteristics, and, that it induced an inflammatory reaction in MGs.     

影响冻干乳酸菌存活性的相关因素

本文综述冻干乳酸菌发酵剂制备中相关因素对冷冻干燥和贮藏期间乳酸菌存活率的影响，包括内在因素、生长因素、非致死性处理、干燥介质、贮藏和复水等方面因素。     

复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡葡萄球菌病的疗效试验

采用人工诱发的病理模型,按推荐剂量治疗,验证复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡(试验时30日龄)葡萄球菌病的疗效.试验结果表明,复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡葡萄球菌病有很好的治疗效果,有效率达96.7%;推荐剂量治疗组的死亡率极显著地低于感染对照组(P<0.01);推荐剂量治疗组与健康对照组的增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01).     

豆科牧草追施钾肥试验

试验结果表明，当旱地红壤养分中的速效钾含量在７５．５ｐｐｍ情况下，白三叶每公顷追施氯化钾２２５ｋｇ，结果施肥比对照每公顷增产鲜草７７７９ｋｇ，每公顷氯化立鲜草３４．６ｋｇ，增产率达２９％。按生物统计ｔ测验，增产显著。当稻田速效钾含量在４５ｐｐｍ条件下，给紫云英每公顷施用氯化钾１１２．５ｋｇ，结果施肥比对照每公顷增产鲜草５０００－７７５０ｋｇ，平均每公顷增产６７５０ｋｇ。每公斤钾肥可增产粮食２３．５     

Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the good novel vaccine candidates to control this disease. Until now, betanodavirus vaccine studies mainly focused on the humoral immune response and mortality after virus challenge. However, little is known about the activation of genes responsible for cellular and innate immunity by vaccines. In the present study, VLPs of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) were produced in prokaryotes and their ability to enter Asian sea bass cells was the same as native virus, suggesting that they possess a similar structure to OGNNV. VLPs immunogenicity was then determined by intramuscularly vaccinating Epinephelus coioides at different concentrations (1.5 or 15 μg g^?1 fish body weight, FBW) and immunizing frequencies (administration once, twice and thrice). A single vaccination with the dosage of 1.5 μg g^?1 FBW is enough to provoke high titer antibodies (average 3 fold higher than that of negative control) with strong neutralizing antibody titer as early as 1 week post immunization. Furthermore, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that eleven genes associated with humoral, cellular and innate immunities were up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head kidney at 12 h post immunization, correlating with the early antibody response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VLP vaccination induced humoral immune responses and activated genes associated with cellular and innate immunity against betanodavirus infection in orange-spotted grouper.     

Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep北大核心CSCD

An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals' breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements. © 2018, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

湖南省某生猪批发市场疫病传播风险评估

为评估湖南省某生猪批发市场猪群疫病的发生风险,找出可能的风险因素,便于提出针对性预防措施,采用自行设计的调查问卷,结合访谈和现场调查,对27户经营户进行了调查,并将调查结果和调运数据相结合进行了疫病传播风险定性评估。结果显示:该市场疫病传入的可能性"高",内部传播的可能性"中等",疫病传出的可能性"高"。生猪调运频次多、数量大,经纪人行为复杂,运输车辆清洗消毒不彻底是可能的风险因素。评估结果提示,应尽量减少经纪人行为影响,重点加强对运输车辆的清洗消毒。