湖南典型双季稻田氨挥发对施氮量的响应研究

选择湖南典型双季稻田为对象,采用密闭室连续抽气法研究了不同施氮量下的氨挥发损失。结果表明,稻田氨挥发总量随施氮量增加而显著增加,在当地农民习惯施肥水平（早稻150 kg/hm2、晚稻180 kg/hm2）下,早稻氨挥发损失氮量占施氮量的39.8%,晚稻则达46.9%,双季稻平均氨挥发损失率达43.7%。氨挥发通量与田面水的NH+4-N浓度和 pH 之间均存在极显著的正相关关系。可见,氨挥发是该区域稻田氮素损失的最主要途径之一。     

多花黑麦草杂交种SSR分子标记鉴定及表型比较分析

多花黑麦草为异花受粉植物,杂交过程中易出现杂交种生物性混杂现象,有必要对杂交后代进行真假鉴定分析.本研究旨在筛选出多花黑麦草优势杂交组合和优异杂交后代材料,为多花黑麦草杂交育种工作提供基础资料.实验利用SSR分子标记辅助鉴定5个多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)骨干品种为亲本创制的杂种后代真实性,并对亲本与杂种后代主要表型进行比较.结果表明:(1)用20对引物组合共得到多态性条带426条,多态性位点百分率为82.41％,说明SSR分子标记能够很好的揭示多花黑麦草材料间的差异;(2)经SSR分子鉴定,将后代分为有父本特征谱带的杂种后代、无父本特征带的后代2类,在150个杂交后代单株中有父本特征谱带的杂种后代有108个为真杂种,其中杂交组合GC、CG真杂种最多均为24个,WG组合真杂种最少为19个;(3)杂交组合CG的F1代部分形态特征显著优于亲本,5个杂交组合内(间)在营养器官与生殖器官性状均存在显著差异,其中杂交组合MG的变异系数最高,WG的变异系数最低,杂交组合CG形态特征显著高于其他杂交组合.由研究结果可以初步判断长江2号×赣选一号多花黑麦草为优势杂交组合,其杂交种为优异杂交后代材料,可为后续杂交选育新品系提供后备材料.     

哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。     

奶牛早孕因子重组蛋白的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

本研究旨在表达、纯化奶牛早孕因子重组蛋白及制备多克隆抗体.本试验构建奶牛早孕因子重组蛋白原核表达载体pET32a-EPF,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)内进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE切胶纯化的早孕因子重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,并用Western blotting和ELISA对重组蛋白及抗体进行检测.结果显示,成功表达并纯化了奶牛早孕因子重组蛋白,重组蛋白分子质量约37 ku,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的48.6%,纯化后目的蛋白纯度可达93%,重组蛋白可与所制备的多克隆抗体结合,ELISA测定的抗体效价为1:12 800.结果表明,本研究成功表达并纯化了奶牛早孕因子重组蛋白,为研究奶牛早孕诊断奠定基础.     

鱼类视觉胁迫与利它素对大型溞生长繁殖的影响

使用长江中下游地区常见的麦穗鱼及大型溞作为研究对象,在避免直接摄食的情况下将麦穗鱼与大型溞在同一容器中培养,设计视觉胁迫与利它素影响的交叉实验,对照组为无视觉胁迫无利它素组、实验组分别是无视觉胁迫有利它素组、有视觉胁迫有利它素组、有视觉胁迫无利它素组,研究其对大型溞生长、体型和繁殖的影响。结果发现:无利它素组的大型溞体长增长更快;无利它素影响的大型溞壳刺生长较快,在视觉胁迫有无的实验组中表现出不同的反应,无利它素影响有视觉胁迫处理组的壳刺长度较无视觉胁迫更长;无利它素组繁殖量的均值与有利它素组相比较,高出了2.89倍,并且有利它素有视觉胁迫组的死亡速率最快。虽然生物操纵技术使枝角类的捕食者减少,但是水体中残留的鱼类利它素对水生态系统中的枝角类依旧存在抑制作用。研究表明麦穗鱼对枝角类不仅有直接摄食的压力,还可通过视觉胁迫与利它素对枝角类体型、生长和繁殖产生间接的影响。     

CrO42-对两种可变电荷土壤表面电荷的影响

对两种可变电荷土壤的研究结果表明,加入铬酸根(CrO42-)能增加土壤的表面负电荷,减小土壤的表面正电荷的量。CrO42-对表面正电荷的影响程度随体系pH的增加而减小,对负电荷的影响呈相反的趋势。CrO42-对表面电荷的影响程度也随其加入量的增加而增加。CrO42-主要通过自身的吸附来影响土壤的表面电荷,因为伴随着土壤表面电荷的变化,CrO42-在土壤中发生明显的吸附。而且土壤对CrO42-的吸附量随其加入量的增加而增加,随pH的升高而减小,与土壤电荷的变化趋势基本一致。     

Effects of CENP-W down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells

AIM: To study the effect of centromere protein W (CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay, BrdU staining and colony formation experiment. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test. The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay, colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group. The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migration and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.     

不同硝酸钾溶液浓度对垂直一维入渗特性影响研究

通过室内不同浓度溶液的垂直一维入渗试验,分析了不同浓度碳酸钾溶液影响下的湿润锋和累积入渗量的变化规律以及土壤含水量和硝态氮浓度的分布规律,由不同浓度溶液累积入渗量,依据GREEN-AMPT入渗模型,反推出湿润锋面平均吸力和饱和导水率,结果表明增大溶液浓度提高了垂直一维入渗的饱和导水率,但减小了湿润锋面的平均吸力,溶液浓度通过影响湿润体的饱和导水率和湿润锋面的平均吸力来影响入渗量,二者的综合作用是增大了入渗量。     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.