Sclerophylly and leaf anatomical traits of five field-grown olive cultivars growing under drought conditions

Leaf-level morphological and structural adaptations to reduce water loss were examined in five olive (Olea europaea L.) tree cultivars (Arbequina, Blanqueta, Cobran?osa, Manzanilla and Negrinha) growing under field conditions with low water availability. Leaf measurements included leaf tissue thickness, stomatal density, leaf area, leaf mass per unit area, density of leaf tissue, relative water content, succulence, water saturation deficit, water content at saturation and cuticular transpiration rate. We found considerable genotypic differences among the cultivars. Negrinha, Manzanilla and Cobran?osa had more morphological and structural leaf adaptations to protect against water loss than the other cultivars. Manzanilla and Negrinha enhanced their sclerophylly by building parenchyma tissues and increasing protective structures like the upper cuticle and both the upper and lower epidermis. Cobran?osa exhibited good protection against water loss through high density of foliar tissue and by thick cuticle and trichome layers. Compared with the Negrinha, Manzanilla and Cobran?osa cultivars, Arbequina leaves had a thinner trichome layer, implying that the leaves were less protected against water loss; however, the development of smaller leaves may reduce water loss at the whole-plant level. Among cultivars, Blanqueta had the largest leaves and some anatomical traits that may lead to high water loss, especially from the adaxial surface. The mechanisms employed by the cultivars to cope with summer stress are discussed at the morpho-structural level.     

Antimycobacterial flavones from Haplopappus sonorensis

Crude extracts of Haplopappus sonorensis (A. Gray) S.F. Blake (Asteraceae), showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. By assay-guided fractionation, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (1). 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4'-dimethoxyflavone (2). and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (3). were identified as the antimycobacterial principles. Compound 2 was the most active compound.     

Effect of Synthetic D,L-Lactide with PD PDiluent

To discuss the effect about yield of synthetic D,L-lactide with potassium dihyrogen phosphate(PDP) diluents.The optimization process of synthetic D,L-lactide was selected by contrast experiments,optimization experiments and selective experiments of PD Pdiluents quantity,then D,L-lactide produced was analyzed by qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.The yield of D,L-lactide was improved from 25.65% to about 40.00% when PD Pdiluents that was the most effective factor to affect yield was used from 4%to 6%,however,the rudimental PD Pcontent was only 0.012% and the content of D,L-lactide was above 99.40%.The yield of D,L-lactide was improved effectively with PD Pdiluents,and the D,L-lactide,which structure wasnot changed,could be polymerized into PLA and other polymers for enough content.     

Independent component analysis and its application in estimating VEP

Original signals can be effectively estimated from their linear mixed signals by independent component analysis (ICA), even though their frequency components are overlapped, which provides a way to estimate the faint electrophysiological signals. And many researchers who study biomedical signal processing have paid great attention to the technique. We discuss the ICA model and the implement of a fixed-point fast ICA algorithm based on negentropy criterion. With the algorithm, we availably pick up the simulated visual evoked potential (VEP) from the mixing signals.     

Study on N-Phenylglycinonitrile Wastewater Treatment by Anoxic-Aerobic Process

The anoxic-aerobic process was used to treat n-phenylglycinonitrile wastewater from a chemical plant. Furthermore, the chemical process was used to remove ammonia from effluent of bio-chemical process. The results show that when the influent contains COD Cr 1 000-2 000 mg/L and NH 3-N 300 mg/L, the effluent would contain COD Cr 200-300 mg/L and NH 3-N 30 mg/L. The treated water can be reused as cooling water for the factory.     

Detecting EEG Sleep Spindles by Digital Filtering with Zero Phase Error

EEG signal is a kind of very complex non stationary signal. It is of important clinical values for using EEG most efficiently to distinguish all kinds of components in EEG or getting needed components to judge some pathology features effectively. The phase moving of the system can change the relative phase relation between the components in the inputed signal, so there can be a great change of the feature in time domain of inputed signal. The FRR and RRF digital filtering methods and their realization are discussed. By using these methods, the system can be of the feature of zero phase error, and the filtering of EEG signals with zero phase error can be realized. Based on the definition of sleep spindles, we can detect sleep spindles in time domain directly by using digital filtering with zero phase error.     

Azide Method Applied in the Synthesis of Antineoplastic Active Meterials-N''-Phenyacetyl-N-Substituted Glutamine

The results of studies of Antineopalston A10 show it's degradation products, such as glutamines and isoglutamines, having antitumor activity. According to these, some N'-phenylacetyl-N-substituted glutamines are designed and synthesized for researching their antitumor activity. In the syntheses of these compounds, the acid azides are prepared first, which then react with amines at low temperature to transform to the target molecules. The mild reaction conditions and good yields and the optical activity maintaining are the merits of this method. Evaluation of antitumor activity of the target molecules is carried out by MTT method to L1210 cell strain. The result showes some compounds can inhibit growth of the cancer cells.     

ECG Signal Acquisition Instrument Based on USB 2.0

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential way for diagnosing the heart disease, and the test theories and systems work well with the practice application, whereas, as new technologies and devices come forth one after another, it allow us to acquire the ECG data more conveniently, more accurately, more comprehensively. The authors discuss the design of ECG data acquisition system based on the USB 2.0 protocol, and expatiates the system principle in detail. The system employs two AD73360 to sample the standard 12-lead signal simultaneously, which has a resolution of 16-bit. They utilize EZ-USB FX-2 as the USB interface device, which can transfer the data conveniently and quickly, and also permit the configuration of multi-system controlled by just one host. Considering the DSP as a powerful tool in the field of digital signal processing, ADSP-2181 has been chosen.