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121.
Effects of the Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee Beverages on Oxidative Stress Induced by Strenuous Exercise in Rats 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Viana AL Fonseca Md Meireles EL Duarte SM Rodrigues MR Paula FB 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):82-87
Many authors attribute the antioxidant activity of brewed coffee to its caffeine content. In addition, caffeine intake has
been associated with increased performance during physical exercise. This study analyzed the in vivo effects of drinking caffeinated and decaffeinated instant coffee (8%, w/v) on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity
in the anterior tibialis muscles of rats subjected to intense exercise. It was observed that exercise induced lipid peroxidation
(estimated using malondialdehyde) and protein oxidation (evaluated by determining the formation of carbonyl groups) in the
muscle (P < 0.05). Decaffeinated instant coffee and caffeine solution did not exhibit antioxidant activity in vivo. Caffeinated instant coffee beverage intake did not induce changes in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities
but was able to diminish lipid and protein oxidation in the anterior tibialis muscles of rats after exercise (P < 0.05), contributing to a reduction in the oxidative stress triggered by exercise. 相似文献
122.
Carlos R. Fonseca Gislene Ganade Ronei Baldissera Carlos R. Boelter Lucas M. Campos Vanda S. Fonseca Fernando Joner Ana M. Leal-Zanchet Alex S. Mesquita Claudia P. Paz Fabio N. Piovensan Anamaria Stranz Emerson M. Vieira 《Biological conservation》2009,142(6):1209-31
Since pristine Atlantic Forest remnants are vanishing, and biological reserves are in short, conservation of biodiversity will largely depend on proper management of the anthropogenic matrix. Here, we test (1) the effectiveness of ecologically-managed tree monocultures in maintaining Araucaria Forest biodiversity, (2) how this effectiveness change among taxa, and (3) we discuss management principles that can be used by the forestry industry in order to contribute positively to biodiversity conservation. The study was conducted in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, southern Brazil, an environmental mosaic composed mostly of patches of Araucaria Forest and ecologically-managed monocultures of Araucaria, Pinus and Eucalyptus. Using standardized sampling methods in these four main habitats, we have recorded the richness and species composition of small mammals, birds, leaf-litter frogs, butterflies, galling insects, spiders, opiliones, flatworms, woody plants, epiphytic angiosperms, epiphytic ferns, lichens, and fruit-body producing fungi. Overall, we recorded 506 species in Araucaria Forest, 181 (36%) of which were exclusive of this habitat while 325 (64%) could be found in at least one monoculture. Distribution patterns of species richness and number of records across taxonomic groups showed that a large biodiversity can be found inside ecologically-managed plantations of Araucaria, Pinus, and Eucalyptus. For all studied taxa, except for epiphytic angiosperms and fruit-body producing fungi, more than half of the Araucaria Forest species could be found living on monocultures. We discuss how the actual management practices of the forest industry can be improved to contribute positively to the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity. 相似文献
123.
124.
Lage IN Paulino PV Pires CV Villela SD Duarte Mde S Valadares Filho Sde C Paulino MF Maia BA Silva LH Teixeira CR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):361-367
The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen
animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned
in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH,
temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder,
flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and
13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the
left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect
(P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass
characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From
a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers. 相似文献
125.
126.
Natlia Galoro Leite Egbert Frank Knol Andr Luiz Seccatto Garcia Marcos Soares Lopes Louisa Zak Shogo Tsuruta Fabyano Fonseca e Silva Daniela Lourenco 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)
Pig survival is an economically important trait with relevant social welfare implications, thus standing out as an important selection criterion for the current pig farming system. We aimed to estimate (co)variance components for survival in different production phases in a crossbred pig population as well as to investigate the benefit of including genomic information through single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) on the prediction accuracy of survival traits compared with results from traditional BLUP. Individual survival records on, at most, 64,894 crossbred piglets were evaluated under two multi-trait threshold models. The first model included farrowing, lactation, and combined postweaning survival, whereas the second model included nursery and finishing survival. Direct and maternal breeding values were estimated using BLUP and ssGBLUP methods. Furthermore, prediction accuracy, bias, and dispersion were accessed using the linear regression validation method. Direct heritability estimates for survival in all studied phases were low (from 0.02 to 0.08). Survival in preweaning phases (farrowing and lactation) was controlled by the dam and piglet additive genetic effects, although the maternal side was more important. Postweaning phases (nursery, finishing, and the combination of both) showed the same or higher direct heritabilities compared with preweaning phases. The genetic correlations between survival traits within preweaning and postweaning phases were favorable and strong, but correlations between preweaning and postweaning phases were moderate. The prediction accuracy of survival traits was low, although it increased by including genomic information through ssGBLUP compared with the prediction accuracy from BLUP. Direct and maternal breeding values were similarly accurate with BLUP, but direct breeding values benefited more from genomic information. Overall, a slight increase in bias was observed when genomic information was included, whereas dispersion of breeding values was greatly reduced. Combined postweaning survival presented higher direct heritability than in the preweaning phases and the highest prediction accuracy among all evaluated production phases, therefore standing out as a candidate trait for improving survival. Survival is a complex trait with low heritability; however, important genetic gains can still be obtained, especially under a genomic prediction framework. 相似文献
127.
Leandro Soares Martins Mário Fonseca Paulino Luciana Navajas Rennó Edenio Detmann Daniel Mageste de Almeida Roman Maza Ortega Deilen Paff Sotelo Moreno Javier Enrique Garces Cárdenas 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1669-1676
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different schemes of calves’ supplementation in a creep feeding system, on the behavior of Bos indicus calves and dams, and also the influence of the calves’ supplementation on dams’ performance. Forty-eight Nellore male calves (147 ± 7 kg body weight and 3 months of age) in the suckling phase and their dams (476 ± 9 kg and 6 years of age) were studied in a completely randomized design. The experiment was divided into two periods of 71 days. The treatments were 5- and 10-g supplement dry matter (DM)/kg BW day offered in periods 1 and 2, respectively (5S/10S); 10- and 5-g supplement DM/kg BW day offered in periods 1 and 2, respectively (10S/5S); 7.5-g supplement DM/kg BW day in both periods 1 and 2 (7.5S); and mineral mix ad libitum in both periods 1 and 2 (MM). No differences (P < 0.05) in body condition score (BCS), final body weight (FBW), and average daily gain (ADG) were found in dams’ performance. Calves from MM treatment spent more time (P < 0.05) grazing than the supplemented calves from 5S/10S and 10S/5S treatments, in the first period. No difference in suckling time was found between the treatments (P > 0.05) in the first evaluated period. Calves from 10S/5S treatment spent more time suckling and less time eating supplements (P < 0.05) than 5S/10S treatment animals, in the second evaluated period. Dams of MM treatment’s calves had more idle time and lower grazing time when compared with the mothers of calves from 5S/10S and 10S/5S treatments. It was concluded that different schedules of Nellore calves’ supplementation on pasture do not affect their mothers’ performance, and supplementation decreases the grazing time of calves in the suckling phase. 相似文献
128.
Aline Gomes da Silva Mário Fonseca Paulino Lincoln da Silva Amorim Luciana Navajas Rennó Edenio Detmann Felipe Henrique de Moura Marcos Rocha Manso Paulo Henrique Silva e Paiva Román Enrique Maza Ortega Luciano Prímola de Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):707-715
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning on performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers. Fifty Nellore heifers with 132?±?9.9 kg average body weight (BW) and 138?±?19 days of age were supplemented from 4 to 14 months. The heifers were distributed into five supplementation plans: HH—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre- and post-weaning, HL—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre-weaning and 3 g/kg post-weaning, LH—3 g/kg of BW pre-weaning and 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning, LL—3 g/kg of BW pre- and post-weaning, and CC—control, no supplementation. Interactions were not significant (P?>?0.10). The level of supplement fed pre-weaning did not affect any of the performance variables evaluated at the end of the experiment (P?>?0.10). There was a significant effect of supplementation and level of supplementation fed post-weaning on average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (P?<?0.05). Overall ADG was also affected only by supplementation and level of supplement fed post-weaning (P?<?0.05) with animals receiving 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning gaining more weight. Follicular diameter was greater in animals that received 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning (P?<?0.05). In summary, performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive variables evaluated in the current study were improved by the level of supplement fed post-weaning. Heifers receiving supplementation of 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning had greater responses, independent of the level received during the pre-weaning phase. 相似文献
129.
Crude protein levels in diets for two growth stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a biofloc system 下载免费PDF全文
Marcos A da Silva Érika R de Alvarenga Gabriel Francisco de O Alves Ludson G Manduca Eduardo M Turra Tulio S de Brito Suellen Cristina M de Sales Alaion Fonseca da Silva Junior Werona J M Borges Edgar de A Teixeira 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(8):2693-2703
Biofloc technology (BFT) provides an additional feed source for aquatic organisms through the conversion of waste in microbial flocs. Because of this, the suitable protein level in a diet for animals in this system could be different from those in conventional systems. Our objective was to determine the suitable protein level in the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles reared with BFT. Two experiments were carried out with tilapia weighing ~10 g (first experiment) and about 50 g (second experiment) during 61 and 98 days respectively. Five crude protein (CP) levels (within 17% and 33%) were tested. The increment of CP resulted in a reduction in dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity and an increase in dissolved phosphorus, total suspended solids and total ammonium nitrogen. The crude protein level had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on animal performance. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for the final weight and weight gain data in the two growth phases. In conclusion, tilapia juveniles of 10–60 g and 60–230 g in biofloc can be fed on diets with 28% of CP (26% of digestible protein) and 22% CP (20% of digestible protein) respectively. 相似文献
130.
Alan Mario Zuffo Joacir Mario Zuffo Júnior Rezânio Martins Carvalho Adaniel Sousa dos Santos João Batista da Silva Oliveira Wéverson Lima Fonseca 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(9):1332-1338
The definition of nitrogen doses for baru species becomes necessary because each forest species responds differently to nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate baru seedlings' response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilization and liming. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized blocks design, arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, being the factors consisted of five doses of nitrogen in covering (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg dm?3) and substrate with and without limestone and PK, with four replications. At 60 days after transplanting, the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, leaf area, shoot dry mass, chlorophyll content, N content in the leaves, root length, root volume, root dry mass, height/stem diameter ratio, shoot dry mass/root dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. The substrate with liming influences positively the root dry mass. Nitrogen and PK fertilization promote increase in the relative chlorophyll content and N concentration in the leaves. 相似文献